American Agriculturist, May 3, 1924 
T B Clean-Up Results 
Over500,000 CattleUnderSupervision in New York 
A GREAT deal of interest is developing 
from the articles in American Agri¬ 
culturist discussing the bovine tuber- 
| culosis situation, and the different plans 
that are being worked to stamp out this 
dreaded disease. Later we are going to 
publish the letters which we are receiving 
and we hope if you have ideas or experi¬ 
ence on the subject that you will feel free 
to write us. 
In these first articles we have tried to 
give the facts as to the amount of disease 
which exists and to explain the tuberculin 
test, the accredited herd plan, the area 
plan and other measures which are being 
taken to conquer bovine tuberculosis. 
Now let us see what results, if any, have 
been secured which will justify all the 
money and effort that has been expended. 
In this discussion, we will refer only to 
New York State. In later articles" the 
situations in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 
Massachusetts and other nearby states 
will be discussed. 
* * * 
In previous articles, we have already 
stated that up to very recently no prog¬ 
ress has been made in getting "control of 
bovine tuberculosis in spite of the fact 
that hundreds of thousands of dollars 
have been spent and a tremendous amount 
of effort has been made. About all that 
can be said is that this great fight kept 
the disease from spreading faster than it 
did. It held it in check, but the cattle 
newly infected equalled or exceeded the 
tuberculous animals that were disposed 
of. In our opinion the chief reason for 
this discouraging situation was the lack 
of real cooperation on the part of dairy¬ 
men to prevent re-infection and the main 
reason why more progress has been made 
in the last five years is that herd owners 
have cooperated more in follow-up meth¬ 
ods after the first test and clean-up. 
But we still have a long way to go 
right along this line of more cooperation 
before we ever can conquer bovine tuber¬ 
culosis. A PLAN WHEREBY THE 
DAIRYMAN SIMPLY SELLS HIS 
TUBERCULOUS ANIMALS TO THE 
STATE AND THEN HAS NO FUR¬ 
THER RESPONSIBILITY WILL 
XE\ ER SUCCEED. The cooperation 
of the dairymen is secured through the 
workings of the accredited herd plan. 
We explained the details of this plan last 
week. 
On July 1, 1919, New York State had 
one accredited herd. According to Com¬ 
missioner Pyrke of the New York State 
Department of Farms and Markets, there 
were on January 1, 1924, 4,000 accredited 
herds in this State, containing 72,000 
head of cattle officially accredited tuber¬ 
culosis-free, or due to be accredited, hav- 
mg successfully passed two annual tests 
without reactors. But in addition to 
this, the State Department, cooperating 
with the United States Department and 
with individual dairymen have under 
supervision 23,749 New York State 
J?* rds containing\550,000 head of cattle. 
Of this number, 19,623 herds containing 
196,429 head of cattle have passed one 
clean test without reactors. 
readers suggests that the way to stop a 
fire is to put it all out at one time, and 
that we will never get rid of tuberculosis 
by fooling along with it piecemeal. It 
would certainly seem to be practical, if 
public funds could be made available, to 
clean up the whole business in two or 
three years. This would shorten the milk 
supply and increase the price of milk to 
farmers gradually and probably give them 
enough to make necessary replacements. 
We are not sure we are right about this. 
What do you think? 
* * * 
In explaining the area plan in a former 
article, we said that the area chosen to 
be cleaned up might be a community, a 
township or a county. In New York 
State, there are twenty-two counties 
which are carrying on intensive area work. 
The State and federal governments have 
taken these counties into partnership as a 
cooperator and in each of these counties 
there is a local organization which works 
with the State and the federal authorities 
in suppressing TB. Usually this local 
organization is a farm bureau association; 
sometimes it is a local accredited herd 
association; in a few_cases it is the board 
of supervisors. In twenty-two of the 
counties a board of supervisors helps to 
finance the work. Total appropriations 
from local boards of supervisors amount 
to $100,000. The money is used chiefly 
for the employment of a county veterin¬ 
arian and local expenses. In a few cases 
the local association employs a veterinar¬ 
ian and this veterinarian is paid by herd 
owners. We think this the better plan. 
What do you think? In all cases the herd 
owner gets started by signing the ac¬ 
credited herd agreement. 
* * * 
This is commendable progress and 
Probably justifies at least in part the five 
Bullion dollars which was appropriated 
By the legislature of -1923 for bovine 
tuberculosis work. During the last six 
Souths of 1923, there were tested in the 
ktate 229,654 animals, and the test dis¬ 
closed that the astounding number of 
35,394 of these animals had the disease. 
It is an interesting thought to wonder 
what the effect on the milk market and 
Bulk prices would be if every tuberculous 
a uimal were removed at one time. It 
Probably would be disastrous, for those 
whose whole dairy would be destroyed 
would have to replace them. Cattle 
j'ould be scarce and too high in price, 
loo great an upset of any regular eco¬ 
nomic law or system always results in 
rouble. On the other band, one of our 
The twenty-two counties where intensive 
area work is being done are: Alleghany, 
Broome, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Chen- 
ango, Clinton, Cortland, Erie, Essex, 
Greene, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, 
Onondago, Oswego, Otsego, Steuben, St. 
Lawrence, Tioga, Tompkins, Ulster and 
Wyoming. In two of these counties— 
Essex and Steuben—the whole county 
has been covered with a first and second 
test. The first test in Steuben Coupty 
w^is made in 1922 by thirty-two veter¬ 
inarians; 4,652 herds were tested, includ¬ 
ing 46,000 cattle; 1,770 animals reacted, 
which was 4% of the cows in the county. 
The cost per head for testing was 23}^e. 
On the second test, which was made in 
1923, 560 reactors were found, or 1.4%. 
In Essex County, the first test was made 
in 1922, on 1,607 herds, including 8,610 
head; 140 reactors were found, or 5% of 
the total. The cost per head for testing 
was 53c. The re-test was made in 1923; 
85 reactors were found, or eight-tenths of 
one per cent. 
In the other counties mentioned, 113 
townships have been entirely cleaned up. 
While this progress is good, there is 
danger that enough effort and money will 
not be expended to keep these areas clean 
after the. clean-up is made. Eternal 
vigilance is the price which must be paid 
if all this heart-breaking labor does not 
have to be done over again in a few years. 
We have already spoken of the indi¬ 
vidual plan of testing which is sometimes 
called ‘‘Paragraph F Test,” because the 
Clause F of Section 6 of the accredited 
herd regulations permits the applicant 
for State and Federal supervision of his 
herd to employ his own veterinarian, if 
such veterinarian is qualified by Federal 
examination. This veterinarian so em¬ 
ployed may then test, at the owner’s 
expense, thereby making it possible to 
secure such tests without extended delay. 
Under this plan, during the first eleven 
months of 1923, 4,012 herds were tested 
in the State, including 73,475 cattle; of 
this number, 17,132 reacted, or a per¬ 
centage of 23.3. 
We want to say again that no matter 
how good the area plan is, it should be 
(Continued on 'page 448) 
441 
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