Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. XXIV, No. a 
i66 
advances far toward the calyx end of the apples in this region before 
it penetrates more than several millimeters into the pulp laterally near 
the initial point of browning. Although the browning seems to be 
confined to the region immediately adjacent to the vascular system 
in its most rapid penetration of the apple tissue, the bundles them¬ 
selves are slow to show the browning. The large cells adjacent to the 
bundles are the first to become discolored. Later the small cells bor¬ 
dering on the bundles are affected, and finally in the advanced stages 
of the disease the bundles themselves become brown. In its advanced 
stages the disease may spread to all portions of the pulp, constituting 
a condition comparable to the usual type of storage breakdown. In 
the latter condition, however, the browning begins at the calyx end 
of the apple, involving all of the tissue in its spread, and is accompanied 
by softening of the affected region. 
It often happens that in the very advanced stages the browning 
spreads into the small thick-walled cells of the epidermis, thus giving the 
fruit an appearance of being scalded. In its less advanced condition, 
the disease, however, is detectable only by cutting into the fruit, the 
skin retaining its natural color and luster and the flesh remaining firm. 
METHODS AND PLAN 
The storage phases of this problem were carried out in a cold-storage 
plant consisting of six rooms and two large insulated boxes, making 
available the following temperatures: o®, 2.2°, 5°, 8.3^, and 13.9® C. 
The temperatures were maintained within ±1^, with the exception of 
the highest temperature, which varied from 12® to 14®. The humidity 
was practically constant in the different rooms, never varying more than 
3 to 4 per cent. 
The fruit was obtained from the Rogers Bros.^ orchards, which are 
located about i mile east of Watsonville, Calif. The apples were packed 
and labeled under the respective trees from which they were picked. 
The fruit was not sorted, but represented tree-run apples, with the excep¬ 
tion of the third picking in 1919, which was made up of grade “ Bapples. 
The boxed apples were then expressed to Berkeley. 
Three pickings were made each season. The earliest seasonal picking, 
15 lots, was made just as the regular picking season was beginning. The 
second seasonal picking, a similar number of lots, came at about the 
middle of the normal picking season. The third picking was delayed 
until the close of the harvesting season. In each case a lot represented 
the fruit from a single tree. 
The first two pickmgs for both seasons were stored the third or fourth 
day after picking. The storage of the last picking, however, was delayed 
approximately three weeks eadb season due to the slow shipment. 
After arriving at the storage plant, the lots were divided into the 
required number of sublots for the several individual experiments. The 
sublots of approximately 80 specimens each, unless stated otherwise in 
connection with the separate tests, were stored in apple boxes. Suflicient 
space was always maintained between the boxes for normal ventilaton. 
Not only were apples of the same lot used in each experiment and in the 
control, but the apples of each test were placed under as nearly identical 
conditions as possible. 
* The writer is greatly obliged to Messrs. C. J. Rogers and Marion Rogers for their interest and hearty 
co<q;)eration in the work 
