Apr. 14.1923 Internal Browning of the Yellow Newtown Apple 
171 
of apples. Furthermore, the Yellow Newtown is known to be one of the 
best keeping apples, and it may be held quite satisfactorily in basement 
storage until May if welFmatured, sound fruit is used. Thus it appears 
that where prompt storage under uniform conditions is possible the 
fruit can safely be held at temperatures sufficiently high to prevent 
browning without other forms of deterioration developing. In com¬ 
mercial practice, however, it would probably not be expedient to store 
apples above 5° C. It would, nevertheless, be advisable to store these 
apples at or just below this temperature. 
The browning was not only increased in severity as the temperature 
decreased below 5° C. (as shown by the figures in Table III) but its 
development was also more rapid. This relation of temperature of 
storage, with the time of initial appearance and the subsequent develop¬ 
ment of the browning, is illustrated by the graphs in figure i. 
60 TV eo 90 TOO //o /eo /so /w /so /so 
//V ^rO/^T/(9E 
Fig. I. —Effect of temperature upon the rate of development of internal browning. 
ORCHARD TEMPERATURE 
In the early investigations upon internal browning, letters, in the form 
of questionnaires, were sent to the leading fruit men of the Pajaro Valley. 
In reply to the question asking when the browning was most prevalent, 
many of the fruit growers attributed its occurrence to the cold, foggy 
weafitier which characterizes this valley during the latter part of July and 
the early part of August, just at the time the fruit is growing most rapidly. 
With this observation as a basis, experiments were start^ in the spring 
of 1920 to determine the effect of orchard temperature and fog upon 
internal browning. During the first week of May, 1920, a tent of black 
cambric cloth was erected over a single average tree which bore a normal 
set of fruit. The sides of the tent came within about 8 feet of the ground. 
Thus, all the branches with fruit were shaded continuously. At the same 
time the tent was erected, 100 individual apples on an adjacent tree were 
placed in black cloth bags. A similar number of apples on adjoining 
trees were placed in black bags on the first of June and July, respectively. 
