176 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. XXIV. No. a 
protoplast occupies only a small fraction of the cell. The cell wall 
remains unchanged. As a result of this apparent similarity between 
these diseases the writer carried out experiments upon the control of 
internal browning which had proved effective in reducing the amount of 
apple-scald. 
AIR MOVEMENT AS A PREVENTIVE OF INTERNAL BROWNING 
Two sublots of apples of the 1919 and 1920 seasons were stored in 
slat boxes, one box being wrapped in the ordinary manner while the 
other was stored without wrapping. These apples were then ventilated 
by a fan for 10 to 20 minutes twice each week. In the season of 1920-21, 
apples were also placed in sealed containers which were fitted with tubes 
for pulling air through with a filter pump. Thirty-three apples of the 
same lot were placed in each container, while a similar number in ordinary 
storage served as a control. The results of these experiments are given 
in Table VII. 
Table VII .—Effect of air movement upon the development of internal browning 
Treatment. 
Apples in common storage. 
Apples in slat box, wrapped, ven¬ 
tilated 10 to 20 minutes twice 
each week.. 
Apples in slat box, not wrapped, 
ventilated 10 to 20 minutes 
twice each week. 
Apples wrapped but not venti¬ 
lated with niter pump ^. 
Apples wrapped, air drawn 
through slowly with filter 
pump ^. 
Apples not wrapped, air drawn 
through slowly with filter 
pump ^... 
Storage 
Condition of fruit at end of storage period. 
Season. 
temper¬ 
atures. 
Nor¬ 
mal. 
Trace. 
Slight. 
Moder¬ 
ate. 
Severe. 
"C. 
Per 
cent. 
Per 
cent. 
Per 
cent. 
Per 
cent. 
Per 
cent. 
' 1919--20 
2. 2 
35 
60 
5 
0 
0 
1920-21 
0 
5 
75 
15 
5 
0 
1919-20 
2. 2 
45 
50 
5 
0 
0 
1920-21 
0 
60 
40 
0 
0 
0 
1919-20 
2. 2 
lob 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1920-21 
0 
75 
25 
0 
0 
0 
1920-21 
0 
0 
5 
10 
SO 
35 
1920-21 
0 
70 
25 
5 
0 
0 
1920-21 
0 
70 
30 
' 0 
0 
0 
‘ Apples sealed in cans with arrangement for slow renewal of air. 
The figures of Table VII indicate that where ventilation was employed 
there was a great decrease in the amount of fruit that exhibited the 
disease. The figures also show a very definite relation between the 
effectiveness of Ae ventilation and the severity of browning, for in every 
case the wrapped fruit showed more browning than did that which was 
not wrapped. This definite reduction by ventilation in the amount of 
browning would seem to indicate that the trouble is favored by the accu¬ 
mulation of deleterious substances which were removed by both the 
intermittent and the slow but continuous air movement. 
