sept 8.1923 Determination of Surface Area of Cattle and Swine 425 
Table III .—Data used for development offormula for swine 
No. of animal. 
13 ®. 
60 B. 
3 B.. 
< 3 B.. 
53B. 
12 B. 
33s. 
40 S. 
33 B. 
10 B 
100 . 
101. 
102 . 
103 . 
104 . 
105 . 
106 . 
1 <*. 
2 .. 
Live weight. 
Length of 
body. 
Surface area 
as measured. 
Kgm. 
Cm. 
S 9 . cm. 
44.9 
77 
IO, 972 
41 . I 
72 
IO, 625 
75-0 
87 
i 4 > 759 
74 - I 
85 
14 , 702 
90 . O 
96 
16 , 207 
90 . O 
93 
16,147 
101 . 8 
100 
17.384 
121 . 0 
95 
17,365 
134.0 
103 
19.330 
142 . 0 
94 
19,126 
21 . 1 
5 i 
6.744 
5 *-° 
3 i 
2 , 7 x 2 
3*6 
3 i 
2 , 242 
10.3 
38 
4 , 094 
178.1 
132 
27 , 215 
3 * 1 
2 5 
L 999 
2 * 5 
24 
L 743 
101.3 
79 
14,850 
114.1 
84 
16,460 
88.2 
81 
14,576 
118 . 2 
84 
16,528 
hi. 0 
8 S 
IS. 887 
127 . 7 
87 
17.384 
101.0 
72 
14,204 
a We' are indebted to the Department of Agricultural Chemistry for all data concerning the animals 
below the line. 
Many of the steers described in the publication of Trowbridge, Moulton, 
and Haigh (14) were measured, and these animals, 19 in all, are included 
with our data. These same investigators also determined the surface 
area and took measurements of seven swine, and we have availed our¬ 
selves of the opportunity to use this material. Unfortunately for our 
purpose, the length of the body as recorded by them extended forward 
to the poll. In order to use their data we examined similar animals in 
our herd and estimated that for swine of that length the measurement 
of Trowbridge, Moulton, and Haigh is 15 cm. longer than ours. We 
have, therefore, arbitrarily deducted 15 cm. from the length of body as 
they measured it, in order to make their measurements comparable to 
ours. An element of uncertainty is thus introduced with these seven 
animals. 
CALCULATION OF FORMULA 
The method of calculation was quite simple, though the process proved 
to be rather laborious. The observed values of the surface area, live 
weight, and length of body, were put in the form of an equation. 
S=W X XL 7 XK, or 
Log S = x log W+y log L+log K 
Since there are three unknowns, x, y, and K, we formed three simul¬ 
taneous equations in a number of different combinations and solved for 
