July 1, 1924 
Inheritance in Kota-Hard Federation Crosses 
25 
Table XVII. —Mean height, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation for 
height of plant of F 2 hybrids and for the Kota and Hard Federation varieties, 
grown at Davis, Calif., St. Paul , Minn., and Mandan, N. Dak., in 1922 
Station and material 
Mean height 
(inches) 
Standard 
deviation 
! 
Coefficient of 
variation 
DAVIS, CALIF. 
F 2 hybrid_ 
52. 43±0. 09 
3.806±0. 061 
7.259±0.116 
Kota_ __ __ _ _ .. _ 
52. 58± . 25 
2. 323± . 175 
4. 418± . 333 
Hard Federation_ 
45. 31 ± .38 
3. 517± . 269 
7. 762± . 593 
ST. PAUL, MINN. 
F 2 hybrid_ 
39.48± . 10 
3. 553± . 071 
8. 999± . 180 
Kota_ __ _ . __ __ ... 
43. 08± .34 
3. 013± . 240 
8. 994± . 556 
Hard Federation_ 
32. 72± . 48 
4. 064± . 343 
12. 421±1. 047 
MANDAN, N. DAK. 
F 2 hybrid_ 
34.11± . 05 
3.144± . 065 
9. 217± . 190 
Kota_ 
36. 40± . 19 
2. 599± . 137 
7.140± . 376 
Hard Federation_ 
26. 69± . 28 
3. 379± . 195 
12. 660± . 732 
The frequency distribution shown 
in Table XVII at Davis, Calif., indi¬ 
cates no maternal influence on height 
of plant in the reciprocal crosses. The 
mean heights and their differ¬ 
ence, together with their proba¬ 
ble errors, are as follows: 
Kota X Hard Fed¬ 
eration_52. 28 ±0. 15 
Hard Federation X 
Kota__52. 52 ± . 12 
ured from each family and in the most 
promisingrows several plants were meas¬ 
ured. These were the same as those 
labeled for date of heading, the object 
Difference _ 
24± . 19 
The difference of 0.24 ± 0.19 
of an inch is not only small but 
not significant as it is only 1.26 
times its probable error, indi¬ 
cating odds of about 1.5 : 1. 
Evidence that tall plants are 
dominant is shown by all F 2 
data. At the three points the 
hybrids tend to the tallness of 
the Kota parent. The variabil¬ 
ity of the hybrids in compari¬ 
son with the parents is of in¬ 
terest. Table XVII shows the 
F 2 progeny to exceed Kota in 
variability at all three points 
but to be exceeded in variability 
by the short Hard Federation 
parent. The disparity of num¬ 
bers for the parent reduces the 
significance of differences in va¬ 
riability. The height is shown 
to decrease in relation to in¬ 
creasing unfavorable conditions, 
such as rust and drought. 
Under conditions of both rust 
and drought, F 3 material was 
studied further in 1923 at Mandan, N. 
Dak. In all, 726 hybrid plants were 
measured for height, among 433 F 2 fami¬ 
lies grown. At least one plant was meas- 
/S /& 2/ 2* 2730333039*2 
/*£/&//7' 0/* (?/VC/S£S) 
Fig. 4.—Frequency distribution, by height of plant, of Fs 
selections and of the Kota and Hard Federation parents at 
Mandan, N. Dak., in 1923 
being to obtain both early and tall plants. 
The data obtained at Mandan in F 3 are 
given in Table XVIII and graphically 
in Figure 4. 
