July 1, 1924 
Inheritance in Kota-Hard Federation Crosses 
5 
Table IV .—Summary of milling and baking data from 49 samples of Hard Federa¬ 
tion wheat and from 44 of these Hard Federation samples and 44 comparable 
samples of Marquis grown in one or more of the five years from 1918 to 1922 y 
inclusive a 
Comparable samples 
Descriptive data 
All Hard 
Federa¬ 
tion 
samples 
Hard 
Federa¬ 
tion 
Marquis 
Hard 
Federa¬ 
tion in 
percent¬ 
age of 
Marquis 
Number of samples _ _ _ 
49 
44 
44 
Bushel weight.! _ 
59.0 
58.8 
58.9 
99.8 
Crude-protein content of wheat 6 - _ - 
_per cent.. 
13. 5 
13.7 
14.0 
97.9 
Yield of straight flour_ 
_do_ 
71.7 
71.6 
73.2 
97.8 
Yield of shorts__ __ 
_do_ 
15.2 
15.2 
14. 1 
107.8 
Yield of bran_ _ 
_do_ 
14.3 
14.5 
14.9 
97.3 
Water absorption of flour_ 
_do_ 
63.3 
63.2 
60.7 
104. 1 
Volume of loaf_ _ 
_ CC-. 
2,147 
2 , 152 
2,211 
97.3 
Weight of loaf_ 
Texture of crumb_ . _ 
_grams.. 
509 
509 
503 
101.2 
_per cent.. 
89. 7 
89.8 
88.9 
101.0 
Color of crumb_ 
__do-... 
93.0 
93.0 
91.7 
101.4 
Ash in flour _ 
_do_ 
« 47.0 
d 47.0 
d 51.0 
92.2 
° Experiments conducted by the Milling Investigations Section, Grain Division, of the Bureau of 
Agricultural Economics. 
b (N X 15.7, basis 13.5 per cent moisture). 
e 48 samples. 
d 43 samples. 
METHODS OF STUDY 
The Kota X Hard Federation and 
reciprocal crosses here studied were 
made at the request of the writer by 
Florell (12) at Chico, Calif., in May, 
1920. The Fi material, which included 
82 plants, was harvested by the writer 
at Chico, Calif., in June, 1921. The 
material was divided, one head from 
each plant being retained in California 
to furnish seed for sowing ah Davis, 
Calif., and the remainder sent to Wash¬ 
ington, D. C., for growing, storage, and 
distribution to other stations. About 
450 seeds were grown in the greenhouse 
at Arlington Experiment Farm, near 
Washington, D. C., during the winter 
of 1921-1922, which furnished F 3 
material for growing in the field in 
1922. A few crosses were made in the 
greenhouse for furnishing additional 
Fi material. 
In the spring of 1922 one head from 
each of the Fi hybrid plants grown at 
Chico was sent from Washington to 
University Farm, St. Paul, Minn., to¬ 
gether with small quantities of Fj and 
F 2 seed grown in the greenhouse at 
Arlington. Seed from all of the re¬ 
maining heads of the Fi plants, except 
one from each which was reserved, 
were sent to Mandan, N. Dak., to¬ 
gether with some of the F 2 seed grown 
in the greenhouse at Arlington. 
There was grown, therefore, F 2 
material in 1922 at Davis, Calif., St. 
Paul, Minn., and Mandan, N. Dak. 
This distribution of the material 
seemed desirable from both the eco¬ 
nomic and investigational viewpoints. 
It carefully guarded against loss of the 
material and furnished data for study 
of genetic and environmental influence 
at three points rather than one. At 
Davis, Calif., the seed was fall sown and 
grown under ideal conditions. At St. 
Paul, Minn., it was grown under con¬ 
ditions artificially insuring rust infec¬ 
tion and at Mandan, N. Dak., under 
usually droughty conditions. In 1922 
and 1923 both rust and drought af¬ 
fected the crop somewhat at Mandan. 
The seeds from Fi plants were care¬ 
fully spaced at all three points to 
enable the taking of data on individual 
F 2 plants. Both parents were seeded 
similarly in check rows together with 
Marquis. The F 3 material grown in 
1922 was not used to complete the 
inheritance study of the cross, but for 
advancing material of the cross one 
year from which to make selections. 
In 1923 F 3 selections were grown at 
Davis, Calif., Mandan, N. Dak., and 
St. Paul, Minn. In addition a few F 3 
selections were grown at Fargo, N. 
Dak. At Mandan, N. Dak., there also 
were grown about seventy-five F 4 selec¬ 
tions made there the previous season 
from seed grown in the greenhouse at 
Arlington. These selections were 
grown in single 16-foot nursery rows 
but with different rates of seeding due 
to the limited and uniform amounts 
of seed. No yields were obtained from 
