4 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vo!. XXIX, No. 1 
Montana. In these Pacific coast and 
intermountain States it often outyields 
Marquis from 5 to 10 bushels per acre, 
and it is rapidly becoming an important 
variety in many of the semiarid sections 
of the west. It is susceptible to stem 
rust and does not yield well where this 
disease is prevalent. 
Hard Federation has been included 
in varietal experiments for a longer 
period at the Sherman County Sub¬ 
station, Moro, Oreg., than elsewhere in 
the United States. During the six-year 
period, from 1918 to 1923, inclusive, 
in which it has been grown there, the 
annual precipitation has averaged 11.36 
inches. When grown on clean sum¬ 
mer fallow under this limited rainfall, 
Hard Federation has proved a remark¬ 
ably drought-resistant wheat. East¬ 
ward the advantage decreases, although 
ing due to chance alone, and the per¬ 
centage of Hard Federation in terms of 
Marquis. 
Table III shows that there is an 
important and significant difference in 
the yield of Hard Federation over 
Marquis in the drier western sections 
but the difference decreases in amount 
and significance eastward. 
Quality. —Milling and baking ex¬ 
periments have been conducted by the 
United States Department of Agricul¬ 
ture with Hard Federation wheat dur¬ 
ing the 5 years from 1918 to 1922, in¬ 
clusive. In all, 49 samples have been 
studied. As many as 44 of these can 
be directly compared with comparable 
samples of Marquis. Table IV gives a 
summary of these results. 
The data show Hard Federation to 
compare favorably with Marquis in 
Table III. — Annual and average acre yields of Hard Federation and Marquis 
wheats grown in experiments at four agricultural experiment stations during three 
or more of the six years from 1918 to 19.23, inzlusive 
Acre yield (bushels) 
Percent¬ 
Station and variety 
i 
; 1918 
1919 
1920 
1921 
1922 
1923 
Aver¬ 
age 
Dif¬ 
fer¬ 
ence 
Odds 
age of 
Mar¬ 
quis 
Moro, Oreg. a : 
Hard Federation_ 
Marquis 
! 21.3 
15.0 
28.7 
22.7 
25.9 
19. 2 
29.0 
19.7 
21.0 
17.0 
40.8 
34.9 
27.8 
21.4 
+ 6.4 
4999:1 
129.9 
100.0 
Moccasin, Mont. a : 
Hard Federation _ . __ __ _ 
30.8 
32.1 
34.2 
*17.1 
28.6 
+ 2.8 
3:1 
110.9 
Marquis. . 1 
23.1 
28.3 
27.3 
24.6 
25.8 
100.0 
Dickinson, N. Dak. a : 
Hard Federation_ 
3.0 
29.7 
9.7 
14.1 
-4.4 
10.3:1 
76.2 
Marquis 
5.6 
31.6 
18.3 
18.5 
100.0 
Mandan, N. Dak.: 
Hard Fad ar at ion 
6.7 
18.1 
11.1 
12.0 
1 
+ 0.9 
2.3:1 
108.1 
Marquis . _ i _ 
3.8 
16.7 
12.9 
11.1 
100.0 
« Experiments cendueted by the Office of Cereal Investigations of the Bureau of Plant Industry in 
cooperation with the State agricultural experiment station. 
* Damaged by hail. 
at Moccasin in central Montana it has 
produced some very favorable yields in 
dry seasons and when weeds were not 
abundant. At Dickinson and Mandan, 
N. Dak., however, where stem rust, 
as well as drought, has limited the 
yields of wheat and where weed growth 
is abundant, Hard Federation has not 
shown to outstanding advantage. The 
short stems and curling leaves of Hard 
Federation render it unadapted for 
overcoming weed growth. The yields 
of Hard Federation and Marquis from 
varietal experiments at Moro, Mocca¬ 
sin, Dickinson, and Mandan, are 
shown in Table III, together with the 
differences in bushels, the odds against 
the occurrence of such a difference be- 
most factors. For a white wheat it is 
shown in experiments reported by 
Shollenberger and Clark (30) to be one 
of the best varieties for breadmaking 
in its class. It has no important ob¬ 
jectionable feature when compared 
with Marquis, the leading variety for 
milling and breadmaking. The ash in 
its flour is low in comparison with 
Marquis and the color of crumb is high. 
Partly for these reasons it was selected 
for crossing with Kota with the hope 
that selections of the hybrid could be 
developed which would relieve the 
objection of the trade to the Kota 
variety. 
