2 
Journal of Agricultural Research voi. xxix, No. 1 
rust. The resistance in this variety 
was determined independently in 1918 
by Waldron and Clark (36)* The 
original seed of the variety was ob¬ 
tained in Russia by Prof. H. L. Bolley, 
of the North Dakota station, in 1903, 
while making a study of the flax in¬ 
dustry of Europe for the United States 
Department of Agriculture. Previous 
to 1918 resistance to stem rust of 
wheat was a quality not known to 
have been reported among varieties of 
hard red spring wheat grown in the 
United States. 
Kota has awned, fusiform spikes; 
glabrous, white, glumes; and midlong, 
hard red kernels. It is a midtali, 
midseason spring wheat which has 
weak to midstrong stems. 
For a more complete description of 
both Kota and Hard Federation, see 
Clark, Martin and Ball (6). 
Adaptation. —The acre yields of 
Kota have averaged considerably higher 
in North Dakota and South Dakota 
during the past three to five years than 
those of Marquis, the standard variety 
of hard red spring wheat. Kota also 
has produced good yields in the north¬ 
eastern portions of Montana and 
Wyoming. It has proved somewhat 
resistant to drought, as well as dis¬ 
tinctly resistant to stem rust, in the 
northern Great Plains area. 
States show that Kota lodges readily, 
and principally for this reason it yields 
poorly and is not suited to humid con¬ 
ditions. From central Montana west¬ 
ward, Kota also has not proved to be 
particularly well adapted. In this 
intermountain and Pacific coast area 
varieties of common white wheat, 
especially Hard Federation, have con¬ 
siderably outvielded both Kota and 
Marquis. 
Kota has been included in experiments 
at the North Dakota Agricultural Ex¬ 
periment Station near Fargo, N. Dak., 
for a longer period than elsewhere. 
Experiments at Mandan and Dickinson 
also show it to be well adapted to 
North Dakota. At Moccasin, Mont., 
however, which is outside of the area 
affected by stem rust, Kota is not 
better adapted than Marquis. The 
yields of Kota and Marquis obtained 
from replicated plat experiments at 
these four experiment stations serve 
to show the adaptation of Kota and 
are given in Table I, with the average 
difference in bushels, and per cent, the 
odds against the difference being due to 
chance as determined -by Student’s ( 1) 
method. 
Additional yields and rust data re¬ 
ported by Clark and Waldron (9) give 
more complete information regarding 
the adaptation of Kota. Table I 
Table I .—Annual and average acre yields of Kota and Marquis wheat grown in- 
experiments at four experiment stations during four or more of the six years from 
1918 to 1923, inclusive 
Acre yield (bushels) 
Per 
cent- 
age of 
Mar¬ 
quis 
Station and variety 
1918 
1919 
1920 
1921 
i 
1922 
1923 
Aver¬ 
age i 
Dif¬ 
fer¬ 
ence 
Odds 
Fargo, N. Dak.: ° 
Kota..... 
28.4 
17.4 
22.8 
17.8 
30.8 
29.2 
24.4 
+4.3 
36. 5:1 
121.4 
Marquis 
21.5 
15.7 
12.2 
19.4 
26.1 
25. 5 
20.1 
100.0 
Mandan, N. Dak.: 
Kota _ 
9.1 
4.4 
18.6 
14.4 
11.6 
+1.4 
125. 6:1 
113. 7 
M a r qms 
7. 4 
3.8 
16.7 
12.9 
10.2 
100.0 
Dickinson, N. Dak.: c 
Kota^ _ _ 
6.6 
22.4 
4.2 
31.0 
21.8 
17.2 
+2.2 
9.1:1 
114.7 
Marquis i 
3.4 
15.9 
5. 6 
31.6 
18.3 
15.0 
100.0 
Moccasin, Mont .: e 
Kota .... J_ 
21.0 
28.3 
26.5 
23.8 
24.9 
-0.9 
15.2:1 
96.5 
Marnm’s 1 
23.1 
28.3 
27.3 
24.6 
25.8 
100.0 
" . i 1 
“Experiments conducted independently by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station,the 
courteous permission to use the results being hereby acknowledged. ^ t . 
b Experiments conducted cooperatively by the Offices of Cereal Investigations and Dry-Land Agriculture 
Investigations of the Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 
c Experiments conducted by the Office of Cereal Investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Depart¬ 
ment of Agriculture, in cooperation with the State agricultural experiment stations. 
In the more humid sections of the shows, however, that there is an im- 
spring-wheat region, including Minne- portant and significant difference be- 
sota, Wisconsin, and Iowa, Kota is riot tween the yields of Kota and Marquis 
well adapted. Experiments in these at Fargo and Mandan, but decreasing 
^Reference is made by number (italic) to “Literature cited,” p. 46-47. 
