108 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. XXIX, No. 3 
Table VIII .—The amount and degree of visual injury occurring in Ben Davis , 
Winesap, and Rome Beauty apples when their internal temperatures fall to 
different temperatures below their freezing point after freezing has taken place a 
Difference betweemreezing-point 
temperature and temperature 
at removal from freezing con¬ 
ditions, in groups of 1° F. 
Freezing points 
Visual injury in per cent 
Tota-t 
number 
of 
apples 
Average 
Maxi¬ 
mum 
i Mini¬ 
mum 
None 
Trace 
Severe 
BEN DAVIS 
3.1-4.0° F.....! 
28.8 
29.1 
28.6 
100.0 
0 
0 
A 
4.1-5.0° F..1 
28.8 
29.2 
28.1 
65.5 
30.7 
3.8 
26 
5. 1-6.0° F__ | 
28.9 
29.4 
27.8 
36.9 
44.7 
18.4 
65 
6.1-7.0 0 F...! 
I 
28.9 
29.4 
28.2 
37.4 
39.7 
22.9 
83 
WINESAP 
2.5-3.4° F___ 
28. 6 
28.9 
28.1 ! 
75.0 
20. 8 j 
4.2 
24 
3.5-4.4 0 F.. 
28.3 
29.0 
27.6 
62.5 
25.0 ! 
12.5 
8 
4.5-5.4 0 F__ 
28.4 
29. 0 
27.8 
12. 5 
75. 0 
12.5 
40 
5.5-6.4 0 F.. 
28.6 
29.0 
27.9 
0 
40.5 | 
59.5 
37 
I 
ROME BEAUTY 
2.1-3.0 0 F. 
29.5 
29.9 
29.0 
70.6 
29.4 
0 
17 
3 1-4.0° F... 
29.4 
30.0 
28.5 
73.3 
23.4 
3.3 
30 
4.1-5.0° F.___ 
29.1 
29. % 
28.3 
90.7 
7.0 
2.3 
43 
5.1-6.0° F.. 
29.2 
29.8 
28.4 
64. 4 
28.7 
6.9 
73 
6.1-7.0° F__.... 
29.2 
29.7 
28.0 
30.9 
42.8 
26.3 
42 
7. 1-8.0° F.... 
29.3 
29.7 
28.4 
13.7 
40.9 
45.4 
22 
° The differences in temperature between the freezing point and the removal temperature of the apples, 
calculated to tenths, have been condensed into groups of 1° F. each. For instance, an the temperature 
differences of a magnitude from 3.1° and 4.0° appear in the group so designated. 
injury. Even in the group in which 
the temperatures were between 2.5° F. 
and 3.4° below the freezing point, 25 
per cent of the apples were injured. 
The number of injured apples and de¬ 
gree of injury increase greatly as the 
internal temperature drops farther 
below the freezing point. 
Frozen Rome Beauty apples showed 
about 30 per cent slight injury when 
the internal temperature was only 2° 
to 3° below the freezing point. A 
temperature of 6° to 8° below. the 
freezing point caused very severe visual 
injury. 
Apparently there is a marked varia¬ 
tion in the temperatures which different 
varieties of apples will endure without 
visual injury. Ben Davis will stand 
exposure to distinctly lower tempera- 
