118 
Journal o f Agricultural Research 
Vol. XXIX, No. 5 
freezing conditions, though surrounded 
on all sides by severely injured apples. 
Tiers of fruit often contained apples 
showing a wide range in amount of 
injury present in their tissues. 
EFFECT OF STORAGE FOLLOWING FREEZ¬ 
ING UPON THE AMOUNT OF VISUAL 
INJURY IN APPLES 
Four lots of apples, Yellow New¬ 
town, Winesap, Rome Beauty, and 
Delicious, were exposed to somewhat 
similar freezing conditions at different 
times. They had been stored at 32° 
F. in commercial apple boxes previous 
to the experiments described here. 
Storage following the exposure to 
freezing conditions took place in the 
temperature averaging about 21°. After 
exposure for definite periods, one crate 
was removed to 65° where it was held 
three days, while another was placed 
in 32° for a month. Even after six 
days’ exposure the damage was not 
very serious in apples stored in 65°, 
while of those put in 32° for a month, 
even those held at 21° eight days 
showed only a moderate amount of 
severe damage, although this would 
probably have increased materially if 
the fruit had been kept warm several 
days after removal from cold stor¬ 
age. 
The Rome Beauty apples had been 
in 32° F. storage nearly three months 
when they were exposed in slat crates 
Table X.— Percentage of visual injury in apples exposed for varying lengths of 
time to freezing temperatures , and subsequently held at 65° F. for three days , or 
at 82° for a month before inspection 
Average freezing-room 
temperature 
Period of exposure 
Subsequent storage 
Percentage of visual injury 
Total 
number 
of 
None 
Trace 
Severe 
apples 
YELLOW NEWTOWN FROM VIRGINIA 
24 hours_ 
32° F.. 
100. 0 
0 
0 
48 hours..-_ 
100. 0 
0 
0 
72 hours_ 
100. 0 
0 
0 
96 hours_ _. 
60. 3 
15.9 
23.8 
WINESAP FROM VIRGINIA 
48 hours_ 
65° F... 
87.3 
9.3 
3.4 
118 
96 hours_ 
97. 9 
2. 1 
0 
136 
144 hours... 
86. 5 
8.$ 
30.7 
5.0 
141 
192 hours_ 
39. 7 
29.6 
166 
48 hours.. 
32° F_ 
100. 0 
0 
0 
175 
96 hours... 
90.2 
9.8 
0 
142 
144 hours__ 
100.0 
0 
0 
147 
192 hours__ 
89.6 
5. 6 
4.8 
124 
ROME BEAUTY FROM VIRGINIA 
22° F... 
72 hours.. 
| 65° F_..:.. 
97.6 
0 
2.4 
85 
96 hours_ . 
68.8 
11.8 
19.4 
93 
144 hours_ 
I_ 
0 
70. 1 
29.9 
87 
• 192 hours_ 
1 
1 
0 
18.9 
81.1 
SO 
DELICIOUS FROM WASHINGTON 
22° F.. . 
72 hours.. 
|65° F_ 
97.4 
2.6 
0 
113 
120 hours__ 
i 
94.7 
1.8 
3.5 
113 
168 hours_ 
I. 
66.3 
31.8 
1.9 
113 
containers used during the exposure. 
The results obtained have been com¬ 
bined and are presented in Table X. 
The Yellow Newtown apples, after 
five weeks in cold storage at 32° F., 
were exposed, in jumble pack in slat 
crates with no lid, to temperatures 
from 19° to 22.5°, but averaging 21°. 
After freezing, the fruit was held at a 
temperature of 32° for a month. The 
data given in Table X indicate that an 
exposure of 72 hours was not particu¬ 
larly damaging to the market value of 
the apples of this variety, but that 96 
hours resulted in serious injury. 
The Winesap apples, after about 
w3 moibhs sbDra^e at 32 3 F., ware 
xpeiei in slab crabes with oat lids to a 
without lids to freezing room tempera¬ 
tures from 21.5° to 24° averaging 
about 22° most of the time. The 
subsequent storage was in 65° for three 
days. The data in Table X suggest 
that the apples suffered too severely 
after 72 hours’ exposure to be in 
marketable condition in the original 
package. 
The Delicious apples were exposed 
to the freezing temperatures in their 
original package but with wraps re¬ 
moved. The fruit had been in 32° F. 
storage about two months. The freez¬ 
ing-room temperatures ranged from 
20.5° to 24°, averaging about 22° most 
of the time. Subsequent storage wa 
in 65° for three days. Mealin ess be 
