Aug/i, 1924 Oiled Payer in the Control of Scald on Barrel Apples 131 
all cases the oils and waxes reduced the 
scald and in some instances almost 
entirely controlled the disease, but the 
apples had a greasy appearance upon 
removal from storage, the natural 
bloom was lacking, the skin was often 
abnormally green and in some cases 
it was definitely injured, turning 
brown much as if affected with scald. 
Incidental results in various oiled 
wrapper experiments indicated that it 
ought to be possible to control scald 
without coating the skin with joil or 
actually inclosing the apple j in a 
wrapper. In many of the oiled wrapper 
experiments only a part of the apples 
of the package were wrapped and this 
gave a chance to note the effect of the 
wrapper upon the adjacent unwrapped 
fruit. It was found that scald on the 
immediately adjacent apples w^as re¬ 
duced to about one-fourth of that on 
the control barrels and that the scald 
on apples two or more layers distant 
from the oiled wrappers was reduced to 
about 60 per cent of that on the con¬ 
trol. The results led to efforts to 
carry the oil of the package by other 
means than the wrapper or the direct 
application to the skin of the apple. 
OILED BARRELS AND OILED 
LINERS 
An experiment was made in which 
the barrels were soaked in oil. Approxi¬ 
mately one pound of mineral oil was 
applied to the inner surface of each 
barrel and was absorbed by the wood. 
The effect that this treatment had 
upon the development of scald on 
Grimes Golden apples is shown in 
Table I. 
Experiments were also made in 
lining the barrels with a double layer 
of ordinary desk blotters which had 
been saturated with oil. Approxi¬ 
mately one pound of oil was used in 
each barrel. The tests were carried 
out on Grimes Golden, York Imperial, 
and Arkansas (MammothBlack Twig). 
The results are shown in Table I. 
The oiled barrels reduced the scald 
on the outside apples but had practi¬ 
cally no effect upon those in the center 
of the barrel. The oiled liners gave 
similar results on the adjacent fruit 
and in some instances seemed to 
reduce scald upon the apples that were 
at a distance of several layers. Neither 
of the treatments was considered a 
practical success. 
99180-7-251*-3 
OILED LAYERS 
The effect of layers of oiled paper 
was also tested. A single layer of 
apples was placed in the barrel, then a 
layer of oiled wrappers, followed by 
another layer of apples, and this in 
turn by a layer of oiled wrappers. As 
many wrappers were used in a layer or 
paper as there were apples in the" layer 
of fruit immediately beneath, thus 
making the quantity of paper in the 
barrel the same as if the apples had 
been wrapped and giving each apple 
two areas of contact with the wrappers. 
The experiment was carried out on two 
separate lots of York Imperial apples 
and the results are shown in Table II. 
The layers of oiled paper gave almost 
as good scald control as was obtained 
on the apples that were wrapped indi¬ 
vidually in similar paper. 
As a commercial proposition there 
would obviously be an advantage in 
having circles of paper the size of the 
barrel rather than the wrappers but 
the above method furnished a means 
of testing whether a given amount of 
paper would have the same efficiency 
in scald-control when placed- in layers 
between the apples as it would have if 
wrapped around the apples. The 
results seem to indicate that the actual 
inclosing of the apple in the wrapper 
is not a matter of extreme importance, 
at least for barrel fruit. 
OILED BLOTTER STRIPS 
Experiments were made in which 
ordinary desk blotters were heavily 
oiled, cut into strips % by 6 inches, 
and scattered through the package. 
Approximately 3 pounds of oiled 
blotter carrying 1.5 pounds of oil were 
used in each barrel. The material was 
coarse and only fairly well distributed. 
The test was made on Grimes Golden, 
Delicious, Arkansas, and York Im¬ 
perial apples. The results are given 
in Table I. Two or more barrels were 
included in each treatment of each 
variety. 
The apples that were packed with 
the blotter strips had less than half as 
much scald as the untreated fruit, but 
several times more scald than the apples 
in oiled wrappers. The treatment was 
not considered a success from the 
practical standpoint. 
