316 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. XXIX, No. 7 
were not made to ascertain the kinds 
of worms present. It would appear to 
be better practice in such cases to give 
the carbon tetrachloride or the mixture 
of carbon tetrachloride and chenopo- 
dium for ascarids and hookworms and 
such whipworms as might incidentally 
be removed, and a week or two later 
to give arecoline hydrobromide. 
The deaths of 2 animals out of 17 
within 24 hours after treatment can 
not be definitely correlated with the 
administration of the drugs as the sole 
factor or even the primary factor, but 
it suggests that the treatment is none 
too safe and that in routine practice 
it would be injurious to an unduly high 
percentage of animals treated. 
TESTS OF BENZYL-PHENOL FOR 
REMOVING WORMS FROM DOGS 
PROTOCOLS 
Dog No. 606; 8 kg; 20 grains in 
hard capsules; first day negative; 
second day, 3 whipworms; third and 
fourth days, negative; post-mortem, 
on fourth day, 61 whipworms, 11 hook¬ 
worms, 3 tapeworms. Benzyl-phenol 
about 5 per cent effective against whip¬ 
worms; entirely ineffective against 
hookworms and tapeworms. 
Dog No. 607; 12 kg.; 20 grains one 
day and 30 grains the following day, 
given in hard capsules; no worms in 
3 days after first dose; post-mortem, 
on third day, 5 whipworms, 3 hook¬ 
worms, and 3 tapeworms. Wholly 
ineffective against whipworms, hook¬ 
worms, and tapeworms. 
Dog. No. 611; 14.5 kg.; 30 grains 
in hard capsules; first day, 3 hook¬ 
worms; second, third and fourth days 
negative; post-mortem, fourth day, 
9 hookworms, 6 whipworms. Effective 
25 per cent against hookworms; en¬ 
tirely ineffective against whipworms. 
Dog No. 608; 6.5 kg.; 20 grains 
in hard capsules; no worms in 4 days; 
post-mortem, on fourth day, 15 hook¬ 
worms, 15 whipworms, and 3 tape¬ 
worms. Entirely ineffective against 
hookworms, whipworms, and tape¬ 
worms. 
Benzyl-phenol in doses of 20 and 30 
grains in single dose and in doses of 
20 grains followed by 30 grains the 
following day removed three of 41 
hookworms, or 7 per cent; 3 of 90 
whipworms, or 3 per cent; and 1 of 
9 tapeworms. 
DISCUSSION 
The anthelmintic value of phenols 
has been investigated to some extent 
in this country and abroad, and vari¬ 
ous phenols, such as coal-tar creosote, 
have been used empirically for years. 
Stiles (41) reported that coal-tar 
creosote (the phenol content not given) 
would kill stomach worms in sheep in 
some cases at least and gave good 
clinical results in sheep, calves and 
grown cattle in a number of cases. 
Hall and Foster (13) tested certain 
coal-tar creosote preparations on four 
sheep, with unsatisfactory results. 
Two sheep died the day after treat¬ 
ment and only four nodular worms 
were recovered from the manure of 
all animals. The post-mortem find¬ 
ings were inconclusive, but failed to 
show the treatments as of value. Hall 
and Foster also tested a coal-tar creo¬ 
sote preparation on two dogs. One 
dog passed 2 ascarids and on post¬ 
mortem examination had 3 ascarids 
and 3 hookworms. The other dog 
passed a tapeworm without the head, 
but as the dog had ascarids, hook¬ 
worms and tapeworms, killing the 
animal for post-mortem examination 
did not seem worth while. 
Caius and Mhaskar (6) reported 
tests of propenyl phenols on hook¬ 
worms in man, from which they con¬ 
cluded that these phenols have well- 
marked anthelmintic properties which 
are not associated with the unsatu¬ 
rated side chain but with the phenol 
group. In other papers they state 
that the efficacy of thymol and beta- 
naphthol is correlated with the free 
phenolic-hydroxyl group in these com¬ 
pounds. 
In this connection it may be re¬ 
called that the phenols are a group of 
organic compounds composed of hy¬ 
droxy derivatives of the benzene series, 
the hydroxyl radical being linked di¬ 
rectly to the nucleus. The refined 
phenols include phenol, cresol and the 
higher phenols. In benzyl-phenol, 
benzoic acid, which is also a benzene 
ring derivative, is linked to the ben¬ 
zene nucleus of phenol, leaving the 
free phenolic hydroxyl group present 
as in thymol and betanaphthol. The 
protocols of the present investigation 
show that in spite of the presence of 
this phenolic hydroxyl group, benzyl- 
phenol has only about 5 per cent 
efficacy against hookworms, which 
may be regarded as the only suitable 
test worms present in these animals. 
With the doses used, a moderate 
amount of inflammation was present in 
the small intestine of three animals, 
and an extensive serous infiltration in 
the lower part of the small intestine 
and the cecum of the other. Dr. A. R. 
Albright states that benzyl phenol is 
