Oct. 1, 1924 
Critical Tests of Miscellaneous Anthelmintics 
323 
debate on the value of castor oil and 
magnesium sulphate in connection with 
chenopodium. So far as evidence is 
available, the results are very good 
when castor oil is given at the same- 
time as chenopodium. When purga¬ 
tives are not administered until 2 or 3 
hours after a final dose of chenopodium, 
magnesium sulphate is preferable to 
castor oil, largely because its more 
rapid action is needed when a depress¬ 
ant drug like chenopodium has been in 
the digestive tract for several hours 
and has established a condition of 
stasis and constipation. Yet the action 
of magnesium sulphate, other than 
its mere rapidity in causing purgation, 
indicates that it is preferable to castor 
oil even for simultaneous administra¬ 
tion with anthelmintics, provided no 
diminution of anthelmintic efficacy 
follows. It has been shown, as noted 
above, that no diminution occurs with 
castor oil, and the same is apparently 
true in regard to magnesium sulphate, 
in connection with chenopodium. 
TESTS OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE 
AND MAGNESIUM SULPHATE, 
SIMULTANEOUSLY ADMINISTER¬ 
ED, ON WORMS IN MONKEYS 
A male chimpanzee, about 1.5 
years old was given 3 cc. of carbon 
tetrachloride with an ounce of mag¬ 
nesium sulphate dissolved in 90 cc. of 
water, by stomach tube; it passed 2 
hookworms and 14 nodular worms the 
first day; 3 nodular worms the second 
day; a total of 2 hookworms and 17 
nodular worms. 
A female chimpanzee, about 1.5 
years old, given same treatment as 
above, passed 1 hookworm the first 
day, 1 whipworm the second day; a 
total of 1 hookworm and 1 whipworm. 
These animals were treated at the 
request of the owner and were not 
killed. Although the actual efficacy 
of the drug as used can not be given, 
the experiment is recorded here since 
it indicates that carbon tetrachloride 
as given will remove hookworms and 
nodular worms from monkeys. There 
is so little information in regard to 
anthelmintics for use in these animals 
that even this item might prove useful. 
Toxicity tests of carbon tetrachloride 
on monkeys were reported by Hall 
(19), Lake (27) and Hall and Shillinger 
(24)- Their reports show that mon¬ 
keys tolerate single doses of 6 cc. 
per kilogram, and doses of 1 to 5 cc. 
for animals weighing 2.21 to 2.63 
kg. repeated 12 to 16 times for totals 
of 16 to 66 cc. The drug removed at 
least 1 whipworm and a number of 
heterakids (Subulura distans), but 
since the animals were not killed the 
exact efficacy was not ascertained. 
TESTS OF THE EFFICACY AND 
SAFETY OF CARBON TETRACHLO¬ 
RIDE WHEN ADMINISTERED 
SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH MAG¬ 
NESIUM SULPHATE TO SHEEP 
PROTOCOLS 
Sheep No. 6c; 10 cc. carbon tetra¬ 
chloride in hard capsules followed im¬ 
mediately by approximately 128 gm. 
(4 ounces) of magnesium sulphate in 
250 cc. of water; first day, 96 stomach 
worms (Haemonchus contortus), 102 
small trichostrongyles, 5 tapeworms 
with many tapeworm fragments; sec¬ 
ond day, 94 stomach worms, 72 small 
trichostrongyles, 1 nodular worm, a 
few tapeworm fragments; third day 
negative; fourth day, 2 stomach 
worms; post-mortem, on fourth day, 1 
young female stomach worm embed¬ 
ded in coagulum, 1 whipworm, 10 
tapeworms (one tapeworm mature, the 
others either very young or the remain¬ 
ders of strobila with the major pos¬ 
terior portions removed by the treat¬ 
ment) . Since the coagulum in which the 
young stomach worm was embedded 
(the regular method of occurrence of 
young forms) presumably protected it 
against anthelmintic action, the treat¬ 
ment may be considered 100 per cent 
effective against stomach worms. Hall 
and Shillinger ( 24 ) have pointed out 
that most of the worms killed in the 
stomach by anthelmintics become just 
so much proteid material and are di¬ 
gested, so that probably only the worms 
near the pylorus escape digestion and 
appear in the manure as dead worms 
or worm fragments. The efficacy of 
anthelmintics against such worms is 
therefore higher than that indicated by 
a comparison of the number of worms 
passed and the number present post¬ 
mortem. The stomach worms present 
in the check animal, No. 9c, noted be¬ 
low, is evidence of the high efficacy of 
the treatment in this case and the 
following cases. The treatment was 
also 100 per cent effective in removing 
small trichostrongyles, indicating that 
the high efficacy noted in some cases in 
the writers’ previous report is increased 
by the simultaneous administration of 
the magnesium sulphate. The efficacy 
against nodular worms, of which only 
one was found, is also 100 per cent; ex¬ 
perience shows that it is substantially as 
difficult to secure 100 per cent efficacy 
