324 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. XXIX. No. 7 
when only one worm is present, or a 
few worms, as when many are present. 
The efficacy against tapeworms, 33 per 
cent, is high for carbon tetrachloride in 
case of tapeworms, and suggests that 
the use of the magnesium sulphate has 
increased the efficacy of the drug against 
these worms. The treatment failed to 
remove the whipworm present. The 
explanation for such failures is given 
in the discussion of whipworms in 
dogs. 
Sheep No. 7c; 10 cc. carbon letra- 
chloride in hard capsules followed imme¬ 
diately by approximately 128 gm. (4 
ounces) of magnesium sulphate in 250 
cc. of water; no worms passed in 4 days; 
post-mortem, on fourth day, a frag¬ 
ment of a dead stomach worm in stom¬ 
ach, 10 whipworms. The treatment 
was 100 per cent effective against 
stomach worms; the dead worm and the 
presence of stomach-worm eggs in the 
feces before treatment, together with 
the number of stomach worms present 
in the check animal, No. 9c, show that 
these worms were present and that all 
were killed and digested, no worms ap¬ 
pearing in the feces. If small tricho¬ 
strongyles were originally present they 
were destroyed and passed in unrecog¬ 
nizable condition. The treatment 
failed to remo /e whipworms. 
Sheep No. Sc; 10 cc. carbon tetra¬ 
chloride in hard capsules followed imme¬ 
diately by approximately 128 gm. (4 
ounces) of magnesium sulphate in 250 
cc. of water; first day, 6 nodular worms; 
no worms the next 3 days; post-mortem, 
on fourth day, negative. The treat¬ 
ment was entirely effective against 
nodular worms, and apparently en¬ 
tirely effective against stomach worms, 
as eggs of these worms were present 
before treatment. 
Sheep No. 9c, a check animal, not 
treated, was examined post-mortem to 
determine the probable stomach-worm 
infestation present in the other animals 
before treatment. This sheep had 
1,434 stomach worms, and it is prob¬ 
able that somewhat similar infestations 
were present in the three animals 
treated, the drug destroying all the 
worms present except the young one 
still embedded in coagulum. 
DISCUSSION 
Hall and Shillinger (24) found that 
doses of 8, 12, 15, 18, 24, and 48 cc. 
carbon tetrachloride left no stomach 
worms in eight sheep infested with 
these worms as shown by fecal exami¬ 
nation, a check animal having 612 
stomach worms. A dose of 4 cc. left 
14 stomach worms, indicating that 
this dose was too small to remove all 
of the worms, although a very high 
efficacy, perhaps 98 per cent, is prob¬ 
ably indicated by the findings on the 
check animal and what is known of 
the digestion of these worms when 
dead in the stomach, coupled with the 
efficacy in the. other animals. In the 
present series of experiments, 10 cc. 
of carbon tetrachloride was 100 per 
cent effective against stomach worms. 
Hall and Shillinger found doses of 
4, 8, 15, and 30 cc. carbon tetrachloride 
were 100 per cent effective against 
hookworms for all infested animals, 
four in number. There were no hook¬ 
worms present in the experiment 
animals reported on in the present 
paper, so no tests could be made along 
this line. Doubtless carbon tetra¬ 
chloride would be quite as effective 
when given with magnesium sulphate 
as when given without it. They 
found that doses of 12 to 48 cc. carbon 
tetrachloride removed 30 per cent of 
the nodular worms present in one 
series of animals; doses of 15 to 30 cc. 
removed 3 per cent of the nodular 
worms from one animal .and 100 per 
cent from another; and doses of 4 and 
8 cc. failed to remove any nodular 
worms. In the present series of cases 
a dose of 10 cc. removed all nodular 
worms from two infested animals. 
This 100 per cent efficacy with a dose 
of 10 cc. may be correlated on theo¬ 
retical grounds with the use of the 
magnesium sulphate, which would tend 
to keep the drug from absorption and 
to carry it to the laige intestine where 
the nodular worms occur. Additional 
experiments should be carried out to 
determine whether this dose will 
regularly maintain so high an efficacy 
when given with magnesium sulphate. 
Hall and Shillinger found that doses 
of 12 to 48 cc. of carbon tetiachloride 
administered to one series of sheep 
removed 82 per cent of 801 small 
trichostrongyles of the genera Nema- 
todirus, Cooperia, Ostertagia, and Tri- 
chostrongylus. This is of considerable 
interest, as no anthelmintic previously 
studied had shown any efficacy against 
these worms. Doses of 15 to 30 cc. 
removed only 3 per cent of 1,100 tri¬ 
chostrongyles present in two other 
animals; and doses of 4 and 8 cc. 
failed to remove any of 121 of these 
worms in two others, so far as could 
be determined by examination of the 
feces. In the experiments reported in 
the present paper, carbon tetrachloride 
in a dose of 10 cc. removed all of 174 
small trichostrongyles present in one 
animal. Possibly the magnesium sul¬ 
phate loosens these worms from mucus 
