330 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. XXIX, No. 7 
of these worms from one infested dog. 
The only conclusion warranted in this 
case is that this preparation will not 
always remove all of the tapeworms 
from infested dogs, but this conclusion 
applies to tapeworm remedies in gen¬ 
eral. 
Of the other substances tested here 
for their effect on various worms, 
chenopodium and magnesium sulphate 
simultaneously, benzyl-phenol, ethy¬ 
lene dichloride, ferrous sulphate and 
novarsenobenzol by mouth failed to 
remove any tapeworms, as did chen¬ 
opodium and novarsenobenzol intra¬ 
venously. 
Influence of magnesium sul¬ 
phate ON TOXICITY OF ANTHELMIN¬ 
TICS. —An experiment on four dogs 
showed that three animals survived 
a lethal dose of chenopodium when 
given with an adequate dose of mag¬ 
nesium sulphate, and one animal died. 
The survival of three animals confirms 
in the case of chenopodium the possible 
protective action of magnesium sul¬ 
phate noted by Hall and Shillinger 
{25) in the case of carbon tetra¬ 
chloride. At the same time it is noted 
that the protective action is not en¬ 
tirely a function of the salt action of 
magnesium sulphate in inhibiting ab¬ 
sorption by virtue of the creation of a 
flow of fluids from the wall of the diges¬ 
tive tract to the lumen, because Hall 
has shown that purgatives like castor 
oil and calomel exert a protective 
action against lethal doses of such 
drugs as chenopodium and male fern. 
The protective action is therefore 
partly due to purgation alone. 
EXPERIMENTS ON MONKEYS 
Carbon tetrachloride given with 
magnesium sulphate, will remove hook¬ 
worms and nodular worms from mon¬ 
keys, but the exact efficacy is not 
known. 
EXPERIMENTS ON SHEEP 
The present findings confirm the 
previous findings of Hall and Shillinger 
{25) on the value of carbon tetra¬ 
chloride in removing various worms 
from sheep, and indicate that the simul¬ 
taneous administration of magnesium 
sulphate with this drug may increase 
its efficacy. Doses of 10 cc. of carbon 
tetrachloride with magnesium sulphate 
are apparently 100 per cent effective 
in removing stomach worms {Haemon- 
chus contortus) , nodular worms, and 
small trichostrongyles, and on the basis 
of the writers’ previous work on carbon 
tetrachloride for hookworms in sheep, 
and carbon tetrachloride and magne¬ 
sium sulphate for hookworms in dogs, 
will probably be 100 per cent effective 
in removing hookworms from sheep. 
The same dose shows an efficacy of 33 
per cent in removing tapeworms from 
sheep, and in repeated doses would 
presumably serve to clear out these 
worms. The dose used failed to remove 
whipworms from sheep, as might be 
expected to occur in most cases for 
reasons given above in the discussion 
of whipworms in dogs. 
Arsenic.—A test of arsenic in a 
single dose of 30 grains indicates that 
as given it is of no value in removing 
stomach worms {Habronema sp.), pali¬ 
sade worms {Strongylus sp.) and cyli- 
costomes from the horse. 
Copper sulphate. —Copper sul¬ 
phate (8 gm.) in solution was entirely 
ineffective, apparently, in removing 
stomach worms, palisade worms, and 
cylicostomes from the horse. 
Novarsenobenzol intravenous¬ 
ly. —Daily intravenous injections of 
novarsenobenzol for 4 days, totaling 
14.4 gm., failed to kill strongyles in the 
anterior mesenteric artery. Tartar 
emetic and carbon tetrachloride intra¬ 
venously have also been previously 
reported by the writers as failing to kill 
these worms in aneurisms. 
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 
A mixture of carbon tetrachloride 
3 parts by volume, and chenopodium, 
1 part, at the rate of 0.3 cc. per kilo¬ 
gram accompanied by Y% to grain 
arecoline hydrobromide, a combination 
which should on theoretical grounds be 
valuable against ascarids, hookworms 
and tapeworms in dogs, was found to 
maintain the rather high efficacy of 
90 per cent against ascarids, but was 
considerably less efficacious against 
hookworms as compared with its 
constituents without the arecoline hy¬ 
drobromide, removing only 46 per 
cent; and it failed entirely to remove 
tapeworms. The arecoline hydrobro¬ 
mide appears to diminish the efficacy 
of the other drugs against hookworms, 
possibly by its very rapid purgative 
action, purgation commonly occurring 
in from half an hour to an hour, and, 
so far as can be judged from two cases, 
the efficacy of the arecoline hydro¬ 
bromide against tapeworms suffers a 
dimunition from the presence of the 
two other drugs. 
Benzyl-phenol proved only slightly 
anthelmintic for hookworms, removing 
only about 5 per cent of the hook¬ 
worms present. 
