Apr. 5,1924 
Fowl Typhoid, Its Dissemination and Control 
77 
CLINICAL STUDIES 
In the course of investigation of this disease, the writers were consulted on 
numerous outbreaks in the territory adjacent to the institution. The out¬ 
breaks were marked by exceptional severity of infection, with an ensuing high 
death rate. In these outbreaks the disease usually affected the adults. 
Clinically the symptoms are not pronounced at first, the birds being dull, sleepy, 
showing a loss in appetite, with marked increase in thirst. There is a rise in 
temperature with a sulphurous discharge from the bowel which sometimes is 
whitish mucoid in character. Death is usually preceded by partial loss of use 
of limbs, dispnoea, subnormal temperature and profuse diarrhea. The dura¬ 
tion of the disease depends on the severity of infection and the natural resist¬ 
ance of the bird. Some of the birds doubtless recover, to become carriers 
through virulent bacilli voided in the dejecta. 
GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY 
Post mortem examinations show rigor mortis soon after death. The comb, 
face, and visible mucous membranes may be anemic. Serous effusion may be 
farm c- 3*°EP/PENf/C 
£.033-29 OC/TOP/O00/PPS 
CPECXEPBY VfCC/NPr/ON. 
SPN/TPPrCONP/T/ONS - 
GOOP. 
2*0 EP/PEAf/C 
LOSS' /2 0i/T0E603/PPS 
SPN/7PPY COA/P/7VOA/S 'E4/P 
/A/fAf B-//V/r/AJL EP/PEPT/C 
LOSS-7S OCtT OES7B/B&S 
SPA//7HPYCOA/P/T/OffS’ POOP 
+ 4 * * 
NOTAT/ON ^-ppp/tVfGE 
No contact esfabt/shed between Forms PaC with 3. 
Boys offarm C visit with boys of farm 4. 
f/oas from farm ft so/d to farm Cpnor to ep/dem/cs. 
No birds or eggs so/d or /nterchanged between Aarms. 
Fig. 2.—Map of region in which three outbreaks of fowl typhoid occurred. 
observed around the heart and liver; hydropericardium may be present; the 
heart is congested and has a parboiled appearance; microscopically congestion 
is present, some of the muscle fibres have lost their cross striation, and cloudy 
swelling exists. The gross appearance of the liver shows enlargement, friability, 
dark-red in some cases, areas of focal necrosis exist, and blood drips from the 
sectioned surface; microscopically both active and passive congestion is 
present, areas invaded by cells of inflammation indicating hepatitis; cloudy 
swelling present; some areas show groups of cells losing their nuclei and near¬ 
ing focal necrosis. The kidneys appear swollen, the sectioned surface is gray¬ 
ing in color, narrow red streaks are observed over the surface, indicating con¬ 
gestion ; microscopically both active and passive congestion is present. Areas 
in which cells are losing their nuclei and nearing a state of focal necrosis are 
seen; glomerulitis may be present. The spleen is enlarged, dark, and some¬ 
times mottled. The lungs are normal. Eberthella sanguinaria may be re¬ 
covered from the heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, ovaries or testicles accord¬ 
ing to sex, bone marrow, and brain. 
