474 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. XXVIII, No. 5 
European writers report various other composites as subject to nematode 
galls, most of which, judging from the descriptions given (except the root galls) 
are probably due to Tylenchus dipsaci. These are tabulated herewith: 
Table I .—Composite plants subject to Nematode galls 
Host plant 
Nematode as listed 
Date 
Authority 
Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn 
Atractylis gummifera L. 
Carduus defloratus L_ 
Carlina corymbosa L. 
Cichorium intybus L.. 
Cirsium oleraceum (L) Scop... 
Cir8ium arvense (L) Scop_ 
Cirsium bulbosum (Lam.) DC. 
Crepi8 foetida L. 
Crepi8 leontodontodes All_ 
Crepis taraxacifolia Thuill. 
Cynara cardunculus L_ 
Hieracium auricula L. 
Hieracium pilosclla L_ 
Leontodon hastilis L_ 
Leontodon hispidus L... 
Leontodon incanus Schrank_ 
Leontodon pyrenaicus Gouan_ 
Anguillulidse_ 
.do... 
Tylenchus sp_ 
.do.... 
Anguillulidse__ 
_do.... 
_do... 
_do___ 
Tylenchus devastatrix. 
Tylenchus sp_ 
Tylenchus devastatrix. 
Tylenchus dipsaci. 
_do.. 
_do... 
Anguillulidse. 
Tylenchus sp. 
Anguillulidse. 
Tylenchus sp. 
1909 
1912 
1896 
1909 
1902 
1896 
1902 
1902 
1912 
1905 
1906 
1912 
1903 
1883 
1885 
1885 
1907 
1896 
1901 
1885 
1903 
Houard (8). 
Do. 
Thomas (18). 
Houard (8). 
Geisenheyner (1). 
Thomas (18). 
Geisenheyner (1). 
Do. 
Houard (8). 
Trotter (20). 
Maige (8). 
Stefani Perez (14). 
Lagerheim (see Houard (8)). 
Trail (19). 
Liebel (6) and several others. 
Low Fr. (7). 
Mariani (see Houard (8) ). 
Do. 
Kieffer ( 4 ). 
L 6 w, F. (7). 
Lagerheim (see Houard (8 )). 
In only one of these cases, that of Crepis taraxacifolia , reported by Maige ( 8), 
was mention made of transmission of the nematode by seed. He described a 
condition of the flower head (capitule) very similar to that which occurs with 
the composites reported upon in this paper. He illustrated this condition with 
drawings, and treated of dissemination by the seed as follows: 
Les capitules attaqu£s portant des fruits d’apparence normale, bien que remplis de larves enkyst 6 es, 
ces fruits peuvent gr&ce a leurs aigrettes, fitre transports par le vent a de grandes distances et constituent 
ainsi pour le Tylenchus devastatrix un moyen de propagation des plus favorables. 
The original paper on the stem nematode by Kuhn ( 5) dealt with the organism 
in Dipsacus fullonum in the Dipsaceae, a family closely allied to the Compositae. 
Kuhn wrote in this connection: 
Diese Krankheit ist characterisirt durch ein allmaliges Missfarbigwerden und Vertrocknen der Bliiten- 
kopfe; Der Pappus des gesunden Samens ist gestielt, bei den kranken Kornern ist er fast doppelt so gross 
und sitzend. Die kranken Korner sind nicht vollstandig mit Auguillulen ausgefiillt, vielmehr findet 
sich in denselben noch der verktimmerte Samenkern, wahrend die ersteren zu weisslichen Haufchen ver- 
einigt in dem Gewebe der abnorm verdickten Samenschale, namentlich am Grande derselben vorhanden 
sind. 
Thus he established the presence of the nematodes within the seed head and 
seed of Dipsacus fullonum. 
DISTRIBUTION OF NEMATODE-INFESTED COMPOSITES IN 
AMERICA 
HYPOCHAERIS RADICATA 
As stated in the paper by Godfrey and McKay (#), the stem nematode occurs 
along the west coast of America all the way from Tacoma, Wash., to San Francisco, 
Calif., in Hypochaeris radicata. This plant is reported to have been introduced 
into that region. In this regard Piper and Beattie (11) stated in their Flora of 
the Northwest Coast: “A very troublesome weed in lawns and pastures; in¬ 
troduced from Europe.” Nelson (10) listed it as a possible introduction with 
ballast dirt. Mr. M. W. Gorman, botanist, now curator of the Portland His¬ 
torical Society, at the Forestry Building, Portland, Oreg., who is also familiar 
