May io, 1924 Comparison of Natural and Synthetic Wild Emmers. 517 
in the crosses with Kubanka, the segregation follows the simple 3 : 1 ratio. 
The deviation from the expected numbers is very small compared with the prob¬ 
able errors. This ratio was established further by an examination of some F 3 
material. 
In the case of the crosses with Black Winter emmer a different condition 
exists. Here the segregation suggests a 15 : 1 ratio. The deviation from the 
expected numbers is within the limit of three times the probable error in each 
case. Such behavior may be expected from emmer as it has a different method 
of disarticulation from that of Kubanka. The emmer spike does not break up 
readily but when the rachis disarticulates the spikelet carries the rachis segment 
which bor6 it. This fact would lead one to expect a behavior in inheritance 
different from that in the case of the Kubanka wheat. 
These results show very plainly that, so far as these two crosses are con¬ 
cerned, the true wild and the synthetic wild are very similar in their behavior 
with respect to the inheritance of the character of the rachis. 
The different types of heads obtained from these crosses are shown in Plates 
2 to 8, inclusive. 
In Plate 2 are shown two heads resembling those of Black Winter emmer. 
Head A was obtained from crossing Black Winter emmer with the true wild, 
and head B from crossing it with the synthetic wild. 
The heads shown in Plate 3 also are from the crosses with Black Winter emmer. 
Heads A and C are from the cross with the true wild and heads B and D from 
that with the synthetic wild. These illustrations show the great similarity 
between the heads from the two different crosses. Heads A and B have a tena¬ 
cious rachis and heads C and D a fragile rachis. These heads all have black 
glumes. 
The heads in Plate 4 also are from the crosses between Black Winter emmer and 
the two wild emmers. These heads have brown glumes and are selected to 
show the tenacious and the fragile rachis from the two crosses. Heads A and 
C are from the cross in which the wild was used as a parent and heads B and D 
are from the cross where the synthetic wild was used. 
The heads in Plate 5 also are from the crosses between Black Winter emmer 
and the two wild forms. Heads A and B are from the cross with the true wild 
and heads C and D from the other cross. All have white glumes. They again 
show the close resemblance between the heads from the two crosses. 
The heads from the crosses between Kubanka durum and the two types of 
wild emmer are shown in Plates 6, 7, and 8. Heads A and C of each plate are 
from the cross with the true wild and heads B and D of each plate are from 
the cross with the synthetic wild. The heads in Plate 6 resemble those of emmer 
to some extent. The heads in Plate 7 are more like those of durum, and the 
heads in Plate 8 are similar to those of spelt except that the articulation is more 
like that of emmer. In general, it is clear that heads obtained from the two 
types of crosses are very similar and indicate that the synthetic wild carries 
the same factors for head type as does the true wild. 
These crosses did not show any segregation for color of kernel in the series 
where Black Winter emmer was used. This indicated that the constitution of 
the two types of wild was the same as that of Black Winter emmer. In the 
crosses where Kubanka was used, however, segregation did occur. (See Table II.) 
