518 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. XXVIII, No. 6 
Table II.— Segregation in F 2 for color of kernel in crosses between Kubanka 
durum and the two wild emmers 
Numbers of plants and kernel 
color 
Proba¬ 
ble 
error 
Devia¬ 
tion 
divided 
by 
proba¬ 
ble 
Cross 
Observed 
Expected 
Devia¬ 
tion 
Red 
White 
Red 
White 
error. 
Kubanka X true wild____ 
164 
14 
166.9 
11.1 
2.9 
2.18 
1.33 
Kubanka X synthetic wild.. 
185 
15 
187.5 
12.5 
2.5 
2.31 
1.08 
Table III.— Segregation in F 2 for color of glumes in crosses between Black Winter 
emmer and the two wild emmers 
Cross 
Numbers of plants having color of 
glumes 
Black 
Brown 
White 
Black Winter emmer X true wild__ 
Observed. 
Expected - 
181 
175.2 
43 
43.8 
10 
14.6 
Black Winter emmer X synthetic wild... 
Observed _ 
Expected. 
173 
182.4 
63 
45.6 
17 
15.2 
These results indicate a 15:1 ratio and the deviations are hot very large. 
In fact, when they are compared with their probable errors they are not sig¬ 
nificantly different from what one would expect. The red color of the true wild 
and the synthetic wild must, therefore, depend upon two factors. 
From another cross where the true wild was used a segregation of 15 red:l 
white was obtained. It is rather interesting that this synthetic wild emmer 
should have the same genetic constitution for color of kernel as the true wild. 
The crosses between Kubanka and the wild emmers did not show any segre¬ 
gation for color of glumes, as both parental forms had white or yellowish-white 
glumes. In the case of the Black Winter emmer crosses, however, there was 
segregation, as would be expected, with contrasted glume colors. (See Table III.) 
The results show that the segregation follows a 12:3:1 ratio. That is, the 
Black Winter emmer carries both the factor for black or purple glume color and 
the one for brown color. While the observed and expected numbers show some 
deviation, they are in fair agreement, considering the numbers of plants. For 
the cross where the true wild emmer was used P equals 0.450, and for the one 
where the synthetic wild was used P equals 0.392. 
The distribution and closeness of fit show very clearly that the two types of 
wild emmer react in a very similar way when crossed upon the Black Winter 
emmer. This fact is further emphasized when the pubescence of the glume is 
considered. The pubescence of the glume of the Black Winter emmer is linked 
with the black or purple color of the glume. The cross with the true wild gives 
181 black pubescent and 53 nonblack glabrous, while the cross with the synthetic 
wild gives 173 black pubescent and 70 nonblack glabrous. These numbers 
deviate somewhat from the expected 3:1 ratio, yet if the numbers of plants were 
larger no doubt the agreement would be closer. Regarding other characters, 
such as the number of spelt or emmer types occurring in the different crosses, the 
data show that the results are about the same no matter whether the true wild or 
synthetic wild was used as a parent. 
