876 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. XXVIII, No. 9 
Table X .—Summary of sap concentrations of all species by type, growth, form, and 
season, Wasatch Mountain series —Continued 
Type and growth form. 
Season. 
Depression 
of freezing 
point. 
Osmotic 
pressure. 
Chaparral: 
Trees...... 
Summer 
Degrees C. 
1.60 
0.93 
2.17 
1.93 
1. 77 
2.66 
1.68 
1. 77 
1.39 
1. 23 
1.06 
1.42 
1.32 
2.20 
1.08 
0. 99 
1. 56 
1.10 
0.81 
1. 50 
1.29 
1.05 
1.15 
Atmos¬ 
pheres 
19.2 
11.2 
26.1 
23.2 
21.3 
31.9 
20.2 
21.3 
16.7 
14.8 
12.8 
17.1 
15.9 
26.4 
13.0 
11.9 
18.8 
13.2 
9.8 
18.0 
15.5 
12.6 
13.8 
Do.......... 
Autumn . . 
Do....__ 
Winter. ._ _ . 
Shrubs........ 
Summer. __ 
Do...... 
Autumn. __ 
Do..... 
Winter_ 
Herbs.... 
Summer.. 
Do...... 
Autumn. 
Aspen-fir: 
Trees........ 
Summer... 
Do.... 
Autumn. . . 
Do...... 
Winter_ 
Shrubs....... 
Summer ___ . 
Do________ 
Autumn. 
Do......... 
Winter.. 
Herbs_______ 
Summer ... _ . 
Do_____ 
Autumn.. 
Spruce-fir: 
Trees.. _____ 
Summer. 
Do....... 
Autumn. 
Do...... 
Winter. 
Shrubs_______ 
Summer. 
Do......... 
Autumn ... 
Herbs.... 
Summer.. 
Do........ 
Autumn... 
Table XI .—Freezing point depressions and osmotic pressures of the sap of trees 
on Ephraim Canyon watershed, central Utah, classified by species, type, situation, 
altitude, and date of collection 
[Figures in italics represent averages of two or more determinations] 
Species and type 
Situation 
Alti¬ 
tude 
Date of 
collec¬ 
tion 
Depres¬ 
sion of 
freez¬ 
ing 
point 
Os¬ 
motic 
pres¬ 
sure 
Pinus edulis Engelm. 
Pinon-juniper___ 
Outwash from canyon. 
Feet 
5,800 
1921 
July 21 
July 23 
July 19 
July 26 
July 21 
July 23 
July 26 
Decrees 
c. 
1.86 
Atmos¬ 
pheres 
22.4 
Do.... 
Southern aspect. 
6,000 
1. 72 
20. 7 
Do....... 
_do ... 
7,400 
7,400 
5,800 
6,000 
1. 32 
15.9 
Do _______ 
.do. ... 
1. 70 
20. 4 
Juniperus utahensis (Engelm.) Lemm. 
Pinon-juniper ........ 
Outwash from canyon. 
1.90 
22. 8 
Do...______ 
Southern aspect. .. 
1. 33 
16.0 
Oak brush_____ 
_do__ 
7,200 
1. 27 
15.3 
Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. 
Oak brush.._____ 
Northern aspect_ 
7,400 
July 19 
1. 42 
17.1 
Pinus ponderosa scopulorum Engelm. 
Oak brush___ 
Sagebrush flat_ 
7, 600 
7,400 
7,400 
July 19 
...do_ 
1. 91 
23.0 
Do.—..... 
.do__ 
1.68 
20. 2 
Do_! _ 
Southern aspects.. 
...do_ 
1.54 
18.5 
Pinus ponderosa Laws. 
Oak brush... 
Northern aspect «.. 
7, 400 
7,400 
July 19 
...do- 
1.47 
17.7 
Do____ 
Sagebrush flat «. 
1.65 
19.8 
a Exotic to this site, planted. & Planted, although native to site. 
