June 14,1924 
Plant Parasitic Nemos and, Related Forms 
1065 
had a single specimen from roots of grasses from a sandy meadow in the inunda¬ 
tion of the Pruth River, near Czernowitz, Bukowina. 
The present specimens were taken from the exterior tissues of roots of Zinnia 
elegans sent by Mary C. Brooks, Quaker Neck, Chestertown. The nemas, 
numerous where the surface of the root was brownish, occurred as single isolated 
specimens spread through the tissues. Although more than 200 specimens were 
closely examined, no males were found. The writer can, however, confirm the 
statement of Cobb that spermatozoa are present in the female uterus and that 
therefore the species must be considered syngonic. The roots showed no 
abnormalities other than the above-mentioned brownish surface spots, no swell¬ 
ings, etc., indicating that plants react very differently to various parasitic nemas. 
This seems to the writer to be additional evidence that the chief damage Hetero- 
dera, some Tylenchi and Aphelenchi do to their plant hosts is caused by the 
secretion of toxic nemic substances. Perhaps different plant species, and even 
different varieties of the same species, vary greatly in their susceptibility to 
these toxins, and consequently the size or number of the deformations of plants 
may not be an index to the number of parasitic nemas living therein. 
LITERATURE CITED 
(1) Atkinson, G. F. 
1892. note on a nematode leaf disease. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. 
Insect Life 4: 31-32. 
(2) Brakenhoff, H. 
1913. BEITRAG ZUR KENNTNIS DER NEMATODENFAUNA DES NORDWEST- 
deutschen FlachlAndes. Abhandl. Nat. Ver. Bremen 22: 
267-311, illus. 
(3) Cobb, N. A. 
1914. THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE-LIVING FRESH-WATER NEMATODES. 
Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc. 33: 69-119, illus. 
(4) - 
1923. NOTES ON PARATYLENCHUS, A GENUS OF NEMAS. Wash. Acad. 
Sci. 13: 254-257, illus. 
(5) IDitlevsen, H. 
1912. Danish free-living nematodes. Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. 
Foren. Kj0benhavn 63: 213-256, illus. 
(6) "Goode y, T. 
1923. A REVIEW of the plant parasitic members of the genus 
aphelenchus. Jour. Helminthology 1: 143-156. 
(7) Man, J. G. de 
1884. DIE FREI IN DER REINEN ERDE UND IM StlsSEN WASSER LEBENDEN 
NEMATODEN DER NIEDERLANDISCHEN FAUNA. 206 p., illus. 
Leiden. 
(8) Marcinowski, K. 
1906. ZUR BIOLOGIE UND MORPHOLOGIE VON CEPHALOBUS ELONGATUS 
DE MAN UND RHABDITIS BREVISPINA CLAUS, NEBST BEMER- 
KUNGEN UBER EINIGE ANDERE NEMATODENARTEN. Arb. K. Biol. 
Anst. Land. u. Forstw. 5: 215-236, illus. 
(9) - 
1908. ZUR KENNTNIS VON APHELENCHUS ORMERODIS RITZEMA BOS. 
Arb. K. Biol. Anst. Land. u. Forstw. 6: 407-444, illus. 
GO) - 
1909. PARASITISCH UND SEMIPARASITISCH AN PFLANZEN LEBENDE 
nematoden. Arb. K. Biol. Anst. Land. u. Forstw. 7: 1-192, 
illus. 
