Tune 14, 1924 
Effect of Fumigation 
1107 
66°, 72°, 69°, 68°, 68°, 64°, 68°, 74°, 68°, 68°, 64.3°, and 70° F., respectively. 
While the warehouse temperature stood at 68° F. when these readings were 
in progress, the temperature of the warehouse over a 24-hour period was un¬ 
doubtedly somewhat lower, and it was the belief of the writers that the tem¬ 
perature of the sacks was still falling slowly to about 60° F. No opportunity 
for further readings was given, and no record was made of the moisture content 
of the seed. The fumigations, conducted similarly in all six warehouses, was 
thoroughly effective and in each warehouse the heating in the sacks disappeared 
after the fumigations. This was naturally a matter of great concern to the 
owners, since the retail value of the seeds at this time was about $5,000,000. 
Studies were made during December, 1921, and January, 1922, of certain 
bins of wheat on farms near Washington. These bins were infested by the 
Angoumois grain moth, the rice weevil, and the flat grain beetle, the last two 
predominating. On December 21, when the barn temperature registered 27° F., 
the temperature of the wheat in one bin about 15 by 5 by 4 feet was 58° F. at 
its surface, 104° F. 6 inches below the surface, and 109° F. 2 feet below the 
surface. The upper layer of wheat for several inches from the surface was 
caked and mouldy. This wheat was fumigated with carbon disulphid on 
December 21 and left well covered with a tarpaulin until December 23, when the 
Fig. 2—Diagram showing ends of 240-pound sacks of chick-peas arranged in single tier, with temperature 
in degrees Fahrenheit, the heat being due to infestation by Bruchus quadrimaculatus 
tarpaulin was removed. Examination on December 23 showed the temperature 
at the bottom of the bin to be 76° F.; 2 feet from the surface at end of bin, 78° F.; 
and 2 feet from the surface in the center, 100° F. The tarpaulin appeared to be 
responsible for the slow fall in temperature up to December 23. On December 
31 readings were taken which showed the temperature in the center at the ends 
to be 60° F., and in the middle of the bin 54° F. Final readings taken on Jan¬ 
uary 4, 1922, gave the temperature as 40° F. for both the center and the ends 
of the bin. 
In a second bin about 18 by 18 feet, in which the grain was not over 2 to 3 
feet deep, the temperature due to the rice weevil and the flat grain beetle gave 
readings of 98°, 98°, 93°, 71°, 94°, 98°, 90°, 100°, 38°, 38°, and 38° F., respec¬ 
tively, according to the spot chosen for the reading. These temperatures were 
attained in wheat from 1 to 1J^ feet below the surface at a time when the outside 
temperature was 30° to 40° F. In a third bin, where the wheat was spread to 
a depth of from 1 to 1J^ feet on a floor beneath which was an open wagon shed 
there were spots of rice weevil infestation where the temperature ranged as high 
as 92° F. Other temperatures recorded for such shallow grain were 76°, 88°, 
82°, 91°, 90°, 70°, 74°, 78°, and 45° F. Both of these last-mentioned bins were 
fumigated with carbon disulphid on January 11, 1922. Temperature readings 
were made on January 13 and January 20, with the results recorded in 
Table II. 
