PIRATE a 
A. —Early stage of apple stem-tumor on Chenango Strawberry apple tree, West 
Virginia; natural size. 
B. —Young stages of stem-tumor on Buckskin apple tree. The three pieces show 
three different years’ growth of tumors on the same stem. Natural size. Plated 
from the largest outgrowth, but no crowngall organism was present. 
C. —Older stage of stem-tumor on Buckskin apple tree, snowing masses of aborted 
roots; one-fifth natural size. Same tree as B. 
D. —Old stem-tumor on Spitzenberg apple tree from Oregon showing pear blight 
at X and X 7 as a secondary disease. Natural size. 
