946 
Journal of Agricultural Research v 0 i. xxvii,n 0 . « 
The fourth plat was like the third except that the galls were ground. 
During the fall the plants on all the plats were examined periodically for 
symptoms of the nematode disease. The plats which had received an 
application of artificially infested manure and also those in which infested 
seed had been sown produced a stand of wheat which was badly diseased. 
The plats upon which the sheep manure had been applied also produced 
numerous diseased plants due, as stated before, to the sheep scattering 
the infested feed about the stall. In no other plat were symptoms of the 
disease observed, and the examination of numerous seedlings from these 
plats under the microscope failed to reveal the presence of any larvae 
between the leaf sheaths of the plants. 
During the winter, much of the wheat was winterkilled, especially in 
the three control plats which had shown a large amount of seedling injury 
in the fall. The wheat which survived the winter was harvested, hand- 
threshed, and the grain examined for galls. The results are given in 
Table XVII. 
Table XVII .—Weight of grain and number of galls in hand-threshed grain from different 
plats of soil sown with Turkey wheat after receiving an application of manure from one 
of several kinds of farm animals fed whole or ground galls, or an application of manure to 
which had been added whole or ground galls and which was either immediately applied to 
the land or stored in a manure pit for six weeks, together with similar data from two 
control plats which had received an application of uninfested manure, one being sown 
with infested seed and the other with uninfested seed, Madison, Wis., season IQ21-22. 
Plat 
No. 
Source and treatment of 
manure. 
Kind of inoculum used. 
Weight of 
grain. 
Number 
of galls in 
grain. 
Grams. 
Pa rn varrl 
. None. 
125 
0 
2 
Ho • , . „ „ 
Galls in seed. 
25 
47 
■j 
Hq , . T r _ . _ 
Galls in manure. 
20 
38 
0 
A 
Ho . 
Ground galls in manure. 
15 
30 
4 
in nit civ w#»plrc 
Galls in stored manure. 
200 
O 
s 
6 
do , . 
Ground galls in stored manure. 
150 
0 
Horse 
Whole galls in feed. 
300 
0 
7 
8 
A 
do , T , „ , . ..... 
Ground galls in feed. 
200 
0 
f' ow . 
Whole galls in feed. 
700 
0 
y 
Z ft 
Ho 
Ground galls in feed... 
700 
0 
AW 
1I 
TTog 
Whole galls in feed. 
1,400 
0 
12 
Ho T t . 
Ground galls in feed. 
650 
0 
Cow 
Whole galls in feed. 
650 
a 88 
4 7 
18 
Ho , .... . . 
Ground galls in feed. 
950 
® 3 
Tft 
Whole galls in feed. 
45 ° 
6 260 
. 
Ho - - - - 
Ground galls in feed. 
200 
b 120 
21 
Chicken 
.do. 
550 
a 12 
Chicken fresh ,. 
.do... 
500 
0 
23 
Phirlrpn ctrvrpd 
Whole galls in feed. 
600 
0 
Chi r ‘ke n ffpch 
.do. 
550 
0 
2 4 
\ — —— -— .—»■ 
a Infection due to galls or larvae washing downhill from an adjacent plat intentionally inoculated at time 
ui au wuig. 
b This infection was due to nematode-infested feed being scattered about the stalls by the sheep while 
feeding. 
With the exception of a few cases of what were undoubtedly accidental 
infections (fig. 2), the plants from the plats which had not been purposely 
inoculated produced healthy heads. It may be safely concluded from 
these data that there is little or no danger of spreading the nematode 
disease by means of the manure from farm animals which have been fed 
infested grain. However, if gall-infested straw, used for bedding, is 
spread upon the land without first being stored in the barnyard or 
manure pit, it is quite probable that the land would become infested. 
In that case, however, com or some other nonsusceptible crop could be 
grown with safety. 
