Dec. is, 1923 
Biology of Eleodes suturalis 
553 
cranium, a little wider than long with extreme width anteriorly; side margin convex. 
Epicranial halves (epc) meeting dorsally; epicranial suture one-fourth length of cra¬ 
nium; ventrally the halves are separated by the gula (PI. 1, I, gu); dorsally with a 
few, laterally and ventrally with numerous thin setae. Gula distinct, coriaceous, 
subquadrate, with tentorial pits (tp) just below middle of side margins. Clypeus 
(PI. 1, B, cl) trapezoidal, widest posteriorly, length to extreme width as 1 to 4, medi- 
anly with slight transverse ridge, each side with two well-developed setae near lateral 
margin; side margins of anterior half testaceous, rest membranous; posterior half with 
side margins testaceous, rest castaneous-testaceous. Labrum (lab) well developed, 
movable, transversely rectangular, almost three times as wide as long, anterior half 
membranous, posterior half castaneous-testaceous; anterior margin broadly emarginate, 
anterior comers strongly rounded; medianly also along lateral and frontal margins with 
slight deepening; disk on each half usually with a median transverse series 01 three or 
four setae; along the side and frontal margins are about eight much longer and thinner 
setae, with a few smaller ones between them; behind those along the anterior comer, 
but on the ventral side of labrum, may be two to three parallel series of shorter, stronger, 
somewhat curved setae (PI. 1, A). 6 Ophthalmic spots absent. Antenna closely be¬ 
hind the mandible, attached to distinctly colored rim below dorsal mandibular fossa; 
basal antennal membrane well developed, posterior part somewhat corneous; three 
articles; basal article subcylindrical, about as long as labrum, second article as long as 
basal, more clavate; apical article very small, cylindrical, bearing a few tactile hairs 
at apex; no supplementary appendix beside the apical article. Mandibles of right and 
left side differing in shape; both apically bifid (PI. 1, E, G, a 1 , a 2 ), each with one 
tooth ( t) between apex and molar part (m ); tooth of right mandible, however, prominent 
and placed near apex, that of left less developed and placed close to molar part; 
molar part of right mandible with bituberculate crown, that of left mandible with 
hollow crown; ventrally with cutting part deeply excavated, several soft setae placed 
closely together near base, halfway between condyle and molar part; exterior surface 
('‘back of the mandible”) distally with a slightly carinate margin (c), proximally 
with a soft skinned, whitish swelling (j) mostly on dorsal surface; three strong setae 
from anterior portion of swelling and three or four from posterior; portion opposite 
molar part and below whitish swelling excavated (e), with several small, soft setae 
near ventral mandibular condyle; dorsal surface of mandible somewhat flattened. 
Maxilla dorsally completely covered by mandible, coriaceous (PI. 1, I); palpus sur¬ 
mounting mala (ma) with one-fourth of its own length; maxillary palpiger (Pag) 
small, ring-shaped; three articles; basal article somewhat clavate, slightly shorter than 
that of labial palpus; second article a little longer than basal, subcyclindrical, bearing 
a thin seta near apex on outer side; apical article half as long and thick as second, 
conical, apically covered with tactile hairs; mala on dorsal (buccal) surface (PI. 1, 
D, ma) conical, a series of well-developed, somewhat curved setae extending right back 
of and parallel to inner margin and a corresponding series along inner margin, rest of 
surface clothed with many thin setae; mala on ventral (exterior) surface apically 
bearing one or two fine hairs (PI. 1, I, ma); stipes (sti) fused with mala; base of stipes 
(bs) near articulation of cardo, short, bearing a few thin setae; proximal half of inner 
margin (w,) of stipes connected with maxillary articulating area (ar), distal half 
(is 2 ), right behind mala, free, bearing a few short, weak setae; just below palpiger and 
along exterior margin many long, thin setae; cardo (ca) about as long as maxillary 
palpus, entire, adjacent to curved hypostomal thickening (hyp) which lies between 
fossa for ventral mandibular condyle (fm) and fossa for tip of cardo (fc ); inner margin 
of cardo near center with an indication of fusion with maxillary articulating area, 
posterior margin bearing a few short hairs. Maxillary articulating area (ar) protu¬ 
berant, divided into halves; exterior half connected with maxilla, subdivided into 
an upper and lower portion, an oval elevation arising from upper portion, lower portion 
again divided in two and coriaceous, its exterior part connected with cardo, without 
setae; interior half connected with submentum, entire, without setae. Submentum 
(sm) coriaceous, trapezoidal, broadest posteriorly; side margins slightly concave 
and adjacent to maxillary articulating area; surface bearing numerous long, thin 
setae medianly. Mentum (me) coriaceous, subquadrate, slightly wider anteriorly, 
side margins free; surface bearing a few long, thin setae. The two stipites labii (stla) 
fused into a slightly chitinized unit carrying on each side a few short hairs; labial 
palpus about as long as stipites labii; two articles; basal article cylindrical; apical 
article conical, shorter than basal article, apically covered with tactile hairs; ligula (PI. 
1, D, li) small, narrow, conical, with a terminal pair of setae; on buccal surface a 
parallel longitudinal series of thin setae. Hypopharyngeal sclerite (PI. 1, F. H, hsc) 
• The size and arrangement of these setae vary on opposite corners of the same specimen and on different 
specimens. 
