JDec. 15,1923 
Biology of Eleodes suturalis 
555 
lar, the former carrying first thoracic spiracle, the latter the rudimentary second tho¬ 
racic spiracle; epipleurum (e)of both segments well developed, lobe somewhat promi¬ 
nent and bearing a few setae, more or less fused with the corresponding preepipleura; 
postepipleurum, (e 2 ) triangular; mesothoracic and metathoracic tergal shields (te) 
transverse, subrectangular, about three times as wide as long, 8 right behind anterior 
margin with a dark transverse line; 9 posterior margin darker than rest of seg¬ 
ment, longitudinally finely striated, setae arranged as on protergum. The typical 
abdominal segments with fused sternal areas ( ster ) covered by a single transversely 
rectangular shield, posteriorly darker, with band longitudinally striated; setae on first 
seven terga with two transverse series, the anterior of these usually having four setae 
on each side and posteriorly two; on eighth tergum the setae arranged similarly anteriorly, 
posteriorly with three on each side; sternum of first abdominal segment anteriorly 
densely set with setae; a few extending along lateral margin, similar arrangement lack¬ 
ing on other abdominal segments; posteriorly with two short setae on each side; hypo- 
pleural region (hy) indistinct, epipleural region (ep) narrow, adjacent to tergal shield, 
anteriorly, on first abdominal segment, with from one to four small setae, on rest of seg¬ 
ments a single seta only; tergal shield (ter) laterally carrying spiracle, above which is a 
dark line; second and third sterna usually with three or four short setae grouped to¬ 
gether, near which is a long, thin seta anteriorly on each side and posteriorly with two 
long, thin setae on each side. Sternum of third to eighth segments usually with two 
setae anteriorly and two posteriorly near lateral margins; sternum of eighth segment 
with setae arranged anteriorly as on third to eighth, posteriorly with several small setae 
arranged in a transverse series along margin, first six abdominal segments transverse, 
‘seventh and eighth subquadrate. 
Ninth abdominal segment smaller than preceding segment, coriaceous, with dorsal 
part or pygidium conically produced (Pl. 1, C; PI. 2, A, G, H), above somewhat 
concave, below broadly convex, with apex pointing upward, mucronate; apex slightly 
chitinized, on each side with a short spinelike seta; lateral margin set with a series 10 
of strong, short, spinelike setae, below which are many soft hairs; near anterior margin 
a transverse series of short hairs, back of which is a transverse series of longer, thin 
hairs, and posteriorly a few setae; convex surface with scattered fine setae; ventral 
part of ninth segment small, transverse, soft, with many short setae. Tenth segment 
separated from ninth above and below by articulating membrane. Tenth abdominal 
(anal) segment (PI. 2, A, H) small, with upper and lower transverse anal lips, the lower 
lip on each side with conical and, except at tip, setose ambulatory papilla. Spiracles 
(PI. 2, B) annular, broadly oval, transversely placed; opening linear, unprotected by 
hairs, at bottom of cup-shaped peritreme. 
The foregoing description conforms with Dr. A. G. Boving’s (30, p. 
326-329 , pl. 31 , 32) description of the larva of Embaphion muricatum, 
with which it is closely related. The following characters of the larva 
of Embaphion, however, will separate the two species. 
Pygidium pointing upward, subconically produced, above somewhat flattened, 
apex obtuse, lateral margin with a series of strong, short setse; whole surface with 
fine scattered setse; whitish swelling on back of mandible, opposite the molar part, 
with three to four strong setse from the anterior portion, two from the posterior; ventral 
intersegmental region between head and prothorax about the width of gula, * 11 with 
two minute soft setae on each side of the slightly chitinous prestemal area; two trans¬ 
verse ophthalmic spots present just behind antenna; ligulaon buccal surface not setose; 
disk on each half of labrum with median transverse series of five large setse and an 
anterior series of three long, thin, and straight setse; right behind these but on ventral 
side of labrum another series of four shorter, stronger, and curved setse; femur an d 
tibia of prothoracic leg each usually armed with fine spinelike seta e. 
8 Because the tergum is so convex the proportions in the figure do not quite agree with the text. 
9 This line is not as well developed on the metathorax and may even be lacking. 
10 There are usually from 9 to 11 setae on each margin. Because they differ somewhat in number in various 
specimens, and sometimes on opposite sides of the same specimen, they do not offer very reliable characters. 
lI This character will separate Embaphion from all Eleodes larvae as represented in the United States 
sNational Museum Collection, which consists of the following material given to the Museum by the senior 
author: Eleodes acuticauda Tec.; E. carbonaria (Say), E. extricata (Say), E.fusiformis Lee., E. htspilabris 
(Say), E. longicollis Lee., E. opaca (Say), E. obscura (Say), E. obsoleta (Say), E. sponsa Lee., and E. tricoslata 
