Jan. 1,1925 Composite Life History of Puccinia podophyUi Schw. 79 
a shorter type'of life history some inter¬ 
grading conditions are to be expected. 
It is not at all surprising also to find 
evidences of a profound readjustment 
and an apparently unstable condition 
in the nuclear phenomena in some 
forms. 
The writers believe that Puccinia 
podophylli is a form which still exhibit 
evidences of the sort bf changes which 
may have taken place in the develop¬ 
ment of the reduced forms from the 
more complex. 
SUMMARY 
1. Puccinia podophyUi shows no evi¬ 
dence of being perennial or systemic in 
the host. 
2. The early crop of teliospores which 
occur on the bud scales, stems, and 
sepals preceding the aecia arise directly 
from mycelium produced by basidio- 
spores from overwintered teliospores 
and are usually not accompanied by 
pycnia. 
3. The aecia which normally develop 
on the blade of the leaf also arise in a 
similar manner from the same source. 
Pycnia are usually found associated. 
4. The late or summer crop of telia 
are produced on mycelium developed 
from infection by aeciospores. 
5. There is no evidence of repeating 
aecia in this species. 
6. Basidiospores from either the early 
or late crop of teliospores may result in 
the production of either the early telia 
or the aecia. 
7. Telia may develop in association 
with the aecial lesions and arise di¬ 
rectly from the same mycelium. 
8. When mature leaves are infected 
telia may predominate over the aecia, 
with or without the development of 
pycnia. 
9. Puccinia podophyUi exhibits evi¬ 
dences of being in an unstable or plastic 
condition as to life history. 
10. It is suggested that the food con¬ 
ditions of the various tissues invaded 
have an important influence on the 
spore form developed. 
11. This species is believed to be a 
form which still exhibits evidences of 
the sort of changes which may take 
place in the evolutionary development 
from the complex to the simpler forms ' 
of life history. 
LITERATURE CITED 
(1) Arthur, J. C. 
1905. CULTURES OF UREDINEAE IN 1904. JOUT. 
My col. 11: 50-07. 
(2) Blackman, V. H., and Fraser, H. C. J. 
1906. FURTHER STUDIES ON THE SEXUALITY OF 
THE UREDINEAE. Ann. Bot. 20: 35-48, Ulus. 
(3) Kursanov, L. 
1922. RECHERCHES MORPHOLOGIQUES ET CYTOLO- 
giques sue les ur£din£es. Bui. Soc. Imp. 
Nat. Moscou (1917) 31: 1-129, illus. 
(4) Moreau, f. 
1914. LES FHfoTOMfcNES DE LA SEXCAUlfc CHEZ 
les URtmNtES. Botaniste 13: 145-284, illus. 
(5) Olive, E. W. 
I 1908. SEXUAL CELL FUSIONS AND VEGETATIVE 
NUCLEAR DIVISIONS IN THE RUSTS. Ann. Bot. 
1913. INTERMINGLING OF PERENNIAL SPOROPHYTIC 
AND GAMETOFHYTIC GENERATIONS IN PUCCINIA 
PODOPHYLU, P. OBTEGENS AND UROMYCES 
GLYCYRRHIZAE. Ann. Mycol. 11:297-311, illus. 
(7) Pavouni, A. F. 
1912. L’EDICIO DELLA PUCCINIA FUSCA RELHAN. 
Bul. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1912: 90-93. 
(8) Werth, E., and Ludwigs, K. 
1912. ZUR SPORENBILDUNG BEI ROST UND BRAND- 
FILZEN. Ber. Deut. Bot. Gesell. 30: 522-528, 
illus. 
