102 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. XXX, No. 2 
SUBFAMILY ORTHEZIINAE 
The members of this subfamily may 
be distinguished from other Coccidae 
by the following combination of char¬ 
acters : 
Adult female with fully developed 
abdominal spiracles; anal ring with a 
pore band present, more or less dis¬ 
tinctly divided into right and left halves 
and these into inner and outer sections 
and bearing 6 anal ring setae; antenna 
with a single stout terminal spine or 
seta; each leg with at least the trochanter 
and femur fused into a single part; 
beak 1- to 2-segmented; derm pores of 
the quadrilocular disk type, rarely with 
some multilocular or clustered pores; 
body with a few slender setae and 
numerous rather stout spines, the latter 
grouped in definite bands and clusters; 
external secretionary covering, in so far 
as developed, made up of definite tufts 
or plates of waxy secretion forming a 
distinct pattern varying with the 
species; mature insect with a promi¬ 
nent posterior ovisac, often much longer 
than the insect itself, this secreted by a 
well developed ventral ovisac band; 
active throughout the whole adult 
stage. 
Larva similar to adult female in the 
possession of the abdominal spiracles, 
anal ring with pores and setae, and 
spines in more or less definite clusters; 
antennae 3- to 6-segmented. 
Distinguishing characteristics of adult 
males not sufficiently known to permit 
their differentiation from the males of 
other groups having compound eyes 
and abdominal spiracles. An incom¬ 
plete diagnosis of those of Orthezia 
may be found under the discussion of 
that genus. 
In the possession of the abdominal 
spiracles, presumably in all stages, and 
in the possession of the compound eyes, 
accompanied by ocelli, in the adult 
males, the members of this subfamily 
show a rather close relationship with 
the group of Coccidae at present placed 
under the subfamilies Monophlebinae 
and Margarodinae, and it appears that 
the subfamily Ortheziinae is more 
closely related to this group than to any 
other within the family. The species 
of Ortheziinae depart distinctly from 
the Monophlebinae and Margarodinae 
in having, in both adult female and 
larva, an anal ring with distinctly de¬ 
veloped pore bands and anal ring setae. 
The fusion of trochanter and femur, 
although characteristic for the sub¬ 
family and accompanied by a com¬ 
parable fusion of the tibia and tarsus 
in all of the genera except Orthezia, is 
not distinctive, as a similar coalescence 
of parts of the legs occurs occasionally 
in some other subfamilies, although in 
such cases this coalescence is usually 
accompanied by a marked reduction in 
the size and functioning capacity of the 
legs. 
The known genera of this subfamily 
may be distinguished by the following 
key: 
KEY TO GENERA OF ORTHEZIINAE 
а. Tibio-tarsal articulation distinctly 
developed; antennae usually nor¬ 
mally 8-, rarely 7-segmented, if 
the latter, the basal segment not 
very large and prominent, and 
the abdomen with 7 or 8 pairs of 
spiracles_ Orthezia Bose. 
aa. Tibio-tarsal articulation wanting, 
or at most suggested by a trans¬ 
verse line, these two parts of the 
leg rigidly fused; antennae usu¬ 
ally normally with fewer than 7 
segments, or, if with this num¬ 
ber, the basal segment very large 
and prominent. 
б . Antennae 6- or 7-segmented; with 
5 pairs of abdominal spiracles, 
these present on the anterior seg¬ 
ments_ Newsteadia Green. 
66 . Antennae at most 4-segmented. 
c. With 8 pairs of abdominal spiracles 
as in Orthezia; antennae 4-seg¬ 
mented— 
_Mixorthezia, new genus. 
cc. With fewer than 8 pairs of abdom¬ 
inal spiracles; antennae actually 
3-segmented. 
d . Antennae apparently 4-segmented; 
eyestalk and pseudo-basal an¬ 
tennal Jsegment fused; beak 1- 
segmented; anal ring with 6 sub¬ 
equal setae; abdominal spiracles 
uncertain_ Ortheziola Sulc. 
dd. Antennae 3-segmented; eyestalk 
and basal antennal segment dis¬ 
tinctly separate; beak distinctly 
2 -segmented; anal ring with the 
intermediate pair of setae much 
smaller; with 6 pairs of abdom¬ 
inal spiracles_ 
_Nipponorthezia Kuwana. 
GENUS ORTHEZIA BOSC d’aNTIC 
Reference.—Orthezia Bose, 1784, Jour. 
Phys. 24: 173. 
Synonyms.—Dorthezia Bose, Cionops 
Leach, Cyphoma Gistel (see Fernald, 
1903, Cat. Cocc. World, p. 33), 
Polyocellaria Imhof, 1900, Biol. 
Centbl. 20: 527; DouglasiaM&cGil- 
