Jan. 15,1925 
Scale Insects of the Subfamily Ortheziinae 
103 
livray (preoccupied); Douglariella 
MacGillivray (see Laing, 1922, Ent. 
Mo. Mag. 58: 254-255). 
The primary distinguishing charac¬ 
ters separating this genus from the 
other genera of the Ortheziinae have 
been indicated in the key already given. 
The genus may be diagnosed as fol¬ 
lows : 
Adult female. —External covering, 
so far as developed, made up of definite 
and usually sharply segregated tufts of 
waxy secretion, these often quite long 
or high, more or less completely cover¬ 
ing the body and arranged in distinct 
marginal and dorsal rows, the dorsal 
rows, w r hen fully developed, 10 in num¬ 
ber on each half of the body, the mar¬ 
ginal, including that on the head and a 
transverse median plate at the posterior 
end of the body, 10 or 11 in number on 
each side of the body; body more or less 
distinctly oval, often broadly rounded 
posteriorly and somewhat tapering an¬ 
teriorly; derm entirely membranous, 
or with small, dark-colored chitinized 
plates dorsally in varying position; 
antennae rather heavily chitinized, 7 to 
8 segmented, the basal one or two seg¬ 
ments not conspicuously enlarged; eye- 
stalk varying from flat conical or tuber- 
culate to elongate, thumblike; legs long, 
joint between trochanter and femur 
obsolete, the parts bearing a number 
of setae, these usually spinelike and 
set in definite rows, tarsal claw long, 
usually with denticles on the inner face, 
claw digitules spinelike; beak 1-seg- 
mented, with a more or less distinct 
suggestion of a joint near base in many 
species; the usual 2 pairs of thoracic 
spiracles present, these distinctly larger 
than the abdominal spiracles, the latter 
more or less elongate tubular, with a 
collar at opening, placed along margin 
or just within. it dorsally, occurring 
certainly in 7 or 8 pairs, and apparently 
sometimes in 4 pairs, the posterior 2 
on each side always placed quite close 
together and diagonally behind the anal 
ring; derm pores of the quadrilocular 
disk type only, these varying in size 
and density of chitinization, distributed 
over the body both dorsally and ven- 
trally, usually* in single rows between 
the clusters and bands of spines and in 
transverse rows or bands in the ventral 
abdominal region, rarely individually 
abnormal in structure, as triloeular 
or quinquelocular; body setae slender, 
set in distinct, flat, basal collars, 
occurring sparingly over most of the 
dorsum and venter but often in a dis¬ 
tinctly developed cluster anterior to the 
genital opening; body spines grouped 
in definite clusters and bands, these, 
when fully developed, in 10 or 11 clus¬ 
ters along the margin and in 10 bands 
dorsally on each half of the body, in a 
distinct and usually broad ovisac band 
around the ventral margin of the ab¬ 
domen, and usually in transverse rows 
or bands across the area inclosed by 
this band; dorsal bands and rarely the 
marginal clusters in some species more 
or less reduced in area, leaving exposed 
bare dermal areas, these usually taking 
on the form of longitudinal submarginal 
stripes, one on each side of the body; 
spine clusters and bands serving as bases 
for the tufts of secretion in the perfect 
insect, and the arrangement of the 
secretionary tufts in consequence cor¬ 
responding rather closely to that of the 
spine clusters; ovisac band, in addition 
to the spines, often with disk pores 
along outer and inner margins and 
frequently through more or less of the 
entire width of the band; anal ring flat, 
more or less distinctly oval, bearing 6 
relatively long, tapering setae, and, on 
each half, a distinct, but not always 
completely developed band of pores, 
this usually more or less evidently di¬ 
vided into inner and outer sections, 
and rarely with a small, more or less 
triangular, chitinized wing projecting 
laterad from the middle of each half of 
the band. 
Larva. —Body more or less dis¬ 
tinctly oval, antennae 6- or very rarely 
5 -segmented; eyestalk more or less 
conical, in each species corresponding 
vaguely to the shape of this structure 
in the adult female; legs about as in 
adult female; thoracic spiracles much 
larger than abdominal; abdominal spir¬ 
acles very difficult to locate, but, so far 
as placed, similar in number and shape 
to those of adult female; derm pores 
of the quadrilocular disk type; derm 
setae occurring occasionally; spines 
arranged in dorsal and marginal clus¬ 
ters and ventral rows, agreeing very 
vaguely with the condition in the adult 
female of the same species; anal ring 
with the usual pores and setae. 
Adult male. —Elongate, slender, 
abdomen with sides parallel or nearly 
so; thoracic lobes chitinized, remainder 
of body membranous with exceptions 
noted below; antennae 9-segmented, 
the 2 basal segments relatively short 
and stout, remainder very long, cylin¬ 
drical, apical terminating in a spine as 
in female, hairs on outer segments 
rather numerous, fairly stout, of 
moderate length, more or less dis¬ 
tinctly recumbent, arranged in indefi¬ 
nite spirals; head triangular in out- 
