June i 5,1926 Environment and Chemical Composition of Grape Juices 1165 
the growing season of 1920. It must pleted on the 29th, several days 
be remembered, however, that this earlier than usual. November was 
total was not available for the uninter- warm and rainy, the first killing frost 
rupted growth of the crop, as in other occurring on the 6th, and severe cold 
years, since the killing of shoots on and snow did not set in until the 
March 29 and April 11-12 retarded middle of December, 
the development of foliage and the 
production of bloom by approximately Climatic Record for 1922 
three weeks. There was a twofold 
effect upon the plants; their food The deficiency of soil water resulting 
reserves were reduced in direct pro- from the drought of 1921 was not made 
portion to the amount of growth at up in the early months of 1922, as the 
the time of the freeze, and there was rainfall for the first five months totaled 
also a reduction in the period of photo- only 17.09 inches as compared with a 
synthetic activity within which the normal of 18.81 inches for the period, 
development of foliage, the production The mean temperatures from January 
of fruit, and the accumulation of on through June were consistently 
stored reserves for next season's growth 2.8° to 5° above normal, but periods of 
iNenes 
8 -—— - 
Rainfall anp Sunshine 
7 _ Record ^ 
AT 
Vineland, Mew Jersey 
for 
Q Clear Days || Partly Clous? Pays- § Cloudy Days | Day* or Ram 
Fig. 9.—Rainfall and sunshine at Vineland, N. J., in 1921, with 50-year average for comparison 
. had to occur. This reduction of the cool weather at the middle and end of 
effective photosynthetic period, con- March and until after t the middle of 
sidered alone, would be expected to April retarded plant growth and pre- 
produce a crop characterized by lower vented the forcing of buds, and when a 
carbohydrate content than that of temperature of 30° occurred April 23 
crops of other years. Other conditions and 24 it did no damage in the vineyard 
were operating to mimimize this reduc- (fig. 10). June and July were exces- 
tion, however, in that the maximum sively wet, with 14.98 inches of rainfall, 
and mean temperatures were consist- or one-third the total for the year, 
ently higher than average throughout The rains of June were distributed 
the growing season except in August, mainly as showers over 15 days of the 
and the vines bore crops of fruit month. July had approximately the 
ranging from 30 to 80 per cent gf the normal number of clear days in spite of 
normal as result of the frosts. The more than twice the normal precipita- 
fruit was adjudged in the field to be tion. August, like June, had a large 
almost or quite up to the average number of cloudy, showery days and 
dessert quality. Ripening was some- consequently less than normal sun- 
what hastened, early and late maturing shine, but the August rainfall was 0.5 
varieties ripening together. Picking inch below normal (fig. 11). The 
was begun September 16 and com- mean temperature was subnormal by 
