June 15,1925 Environment and Chemical Composition of Grape Juices 1167 
The distribution of precipitation 
during the first 11 months of 1923 
departed widely from the 50-year 
average, as the precipitation was 
excessive in the winter months, then 
decidedly below normal in the period 
May to August, inclusive, then slightly 
above normal in September and Oc¬ 
tober (fig. 13). The deficiency in 
precipitation up to December 1 was 
only 3.96 inches, but the fact that the 
four months May to August inclusive, 
received only 7.88 inches instead of the 
normal 16.58 made the period of 
development of the crop an unusually 
dry one. This condition was accen¬ 
tuated by the fact that much of the 
and was considered at the time of 
picking to be the best crop of the 
period of observation. 
The total number of clear days in 
the period March to September, in¬ 
clusive, was 120, while 50 days were 
reported as partly cloudy. Employing 
the method of evaluating partly cloudy 
days previously used, the 214 days of 
the growing period had 150 days of 
sunshine, or 70.09 per cent. This is a 
larger percentage of sunshine than had 
been received by the crop during an 
equal period since 1919, but was some¬ 
what below that of 1918 and 1919. It 
was unequally distributed over the 
period; the first four months had little 
Inches 
8 
2 
A 
~K 
! \ 
Zi 
S 
s 
Rainfall and Sunshine 
Record 
at 
Vineland, Hew Jersey 
for 
1922 
Jam Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aoo. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 
H Clear Dave ^ Partly Cloudy Days ^ Cloudy Days I Pays of Raise 
Fig. 11 .—Rainfall and sunshine at Vineland, N. J., in 1922, with 50-year average for comparison. (All 
days on which a trace, 0.1 inch or less, was recorded are included) 
rainfall of May, June, and July was in 
the form of light showers of a few 
hundredths of an inch each, the only 
rains of 0.5 inch or more during the 
period being on June 29, July 3, and 
July 11. The precipitation of August 
was mainly in the form of three rains 
exceeding 0.6 inch each on the 5th, 20th, 
and 29th. The September rainfall, 
while exceeding the average in amount, 
occurred mainly in two rains of 1.58 
and 2.20 inches on the 8th and 23d. 
October was rainless until after the 
completion of grape harvest on the 
11th. Consequently the crop, which 
was the largest since 1918, ripened in a 
period of warm, bright, rainless weather 
cloudy weather and consequently re¬ 
ceived a total of 89 days of sunshine, 
or 22 per month; July, August, and 
September had unusually large per¬ 
centages of partly cloudy days, only 12, 
16, and 15 days, respectively, being 
reported as clear. While the total 
number of days of sunshine for the 
three months by our method of 
evaluation is 61, or 20 per month, the 
very considerable extent to which 
doubtfully valuable partly cloudy days 
enter into this total makes it certain 
that these months were less favorable 
for photosynthetic activity than the 
four months which preceded them. 
This was indicated by the late ripening 
52244—25f-6 
