June 15,1925 Environment and Chemical Composition of Grape Juices 1175 
The year of maximum sunshine dur¬ 
ing the growing period was the year of 
minimum acid content. and minimum 
total astringency content in a majority 
of varieties, while the year of minimum 
sunshine during the growing season was 
the year of maximum titratable acidity 
and total astringent content in a very 
large number of varieties. Years inter¬ 
mediate between the extremes in 
amount of sunshine received are inter¬ 
mediate in the amounts of acid and 
astringent materials present, and these 
amounts are inversely proportional to 
the amount of sunshine for the growing 
season. 
Conditions which permit a maximum 
accumulation of sugar in the fruit also 
favor the reduction of the titratable 
acidity and astringent content to a low 
or minimum value. Conditions which 
minimize photosynthetic activity and 
accumulation of sugar depress the re¬ 
duction of titratable acidity and 
astringent content of the fruit. 
Titratable acidity and total astring¬ 
ency of a fruit juice are affected in the 
same direction, but independently and 
in varying degree, by the conditions 
prevailing during the maturing and 
ripening of the fruit. 
Under the environmental conditions 
in which this work was carried out, the 
amount of sunshine received during 
the period of growth is the dominant 
factor in determining the chemical 
character of the fruit of a large number 
of grape varieties of widely differing 
parentage and character of fruit. A 
knowledge of this factor, when the 
climatic factors vary within a rela¬ 
tively narrow range as at Vineland, 
may enable one to forecast the general 
chemical character of the crop to be 
produced. 
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