1188 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. XXX, No. 12 
of seedlings per acre for given distances 
away from the parent trees. Many 
lodgepole seedlings occurred on the 
southerly strips, but these are not so 
much the result of dispersal from the 
seed groups as from the trees which 
existed in situ previous to the fires. 
Another interesting seed group 
(marked b on the map and in Table IV) 
was found on a southerly spur at 4,000 
feet elevation. This group consists of 
Douglas fir only, about 100 years old, 
rather short but of fairly good crown, 
and much deteriorated by the exposure 
resulting from fire. From this little 
group of a half-dozen trees count strips 
were run in four directions. The loca¬ 
tion of the group is such that the pre¬ 
vailing wind would carry the seed to 
a northwest aspect where chances of 
seedling survival would be better than 
on the south side. 
In four years restocking to the north¬ 
east of the parent trees has taken place 
at the rate of 500 seedlings per acre; 
and to the northwest, 370 per acre, and 
this to a distance of 9 chains or less. 
There is absolutely no restocking to the 
southwest or southeast. Douglas fir 
seedlings predominate and show unmis¬ 
takable relations to parent trees both 
in age and distribution; the white fir 
and the larch seedlings evidently came 
from trees which died during or shortly 
after the fire. 
A third group of green seed trees 
(marked c on the map, and in Table 
IV) was found in a draw. This group 
consisted of five large white fir trees; 
four white pines, only one of which 
showed cones; three spruces, rather 
small but with many cones; and several 
small hemlocks. The location was 
such that seed dispersed toward the 
north and east would fall upon a very 
dry site. Count strips were run north¬ 
west and southeast from this group. 
The results are given under Group C in 
Table IV. Irregular restocking has 
taken place northwest and southeast 
to a distance of about 9 chains and 
none at all toward the northeast. 
What has come in is as yet insufficient, 
only 50 and 100 seedlings per acre. 
A fourth group of seed trees, much 
larger and of older timber than any 
already described, occurs to the south 
(marked d on the map and in Table IV). 
The trees are western larch, western 
hemlock, white fir, Douglas fir, and a 
very few western white pines, all over¬ 
mature and very tall. The seed from 
these trees would fall on the warm 
lower south slope toward the east and 
northeast, and on the terrace, or in the 
draw. Count strips were run in three 
directions to observe restocking toward 
the northwest, northeast, and south¬ 
east. The counts are given under 
Group D in Table IV. 
Restocking from this group may be 
said to have only begun. The count 
shows 60 seedlings per acre toward the 
southeast, 145 toward the northeast, 
and 279 toward the northwest. Here, 
evidently, the r61e which aspect plays 
in the survival of seedlings is less pro¬ 
nounced than in the case of the previous 
seed groups. The ground is not as 
steep as it is at Groups B and C, and 
appears more favorable for seedling 
establishment. 
SINGLE BURNS OF 1910 
DEEP CREEK BURNS 
An area of less than 160 acres on the 
northwest aspect near the mouth of 
Alder Creek was burned in 1910 but 
escaped the second (1919) fire. Here 
had been a full and overmature stand 
containing much splendid white pine, 
as well as larch, western hemlock, 
white fir, Douglas fir, and a small per¬ 
centage of lodgepole pine, spruce, and 
alpine fir (pi. 4, A). The soil is deep 
and of good quality. The fire of 1910 
left not one live tree on the entire 
area. It does not seem possible that 
any of these trees could have been the 
source of cones or seed subsequent to 
1910, though a few may have had 
cones and seed at the time of the burn. 
On this area two long count strips were 
run diagonally down the slope toward 
the creek. The counts are given in 
Tables V and VI. 
Table VI, for this northwest slope, 
shows 265 seedlings per acre, 37 per 
cent of which are western white pine— 
not a heavy stand, but a healthy and 
vigorous one. Table V classifies white 
pine in two age classes, one class from 
8 to 13 years and a second at 4 years. 
For want of conclusive data, which 
could come only from consecutive ex¬ 
aminations begun shortly after a fire 
and followed through for a number of 
years, the source of the seed can not 
be stated positively. The hypothesis 
that the seed was in the duff or on 
the burned trees may still hold. It is 
difficult to believe that the seed which 
gave rise to the older seedlings came 
from the outside, for the supply seems 
to have been cut short exactly five 
years after the 1910 fire. An outside 
source would presumably have been 
cut short nine vears later by the 1919 
fire. 
Even more speculative is conjecture 
regarding the source of the 4-year-old 
white pine seedlings. Why 4 years, no 
