378 
Journal oj Agricultural Research 
Vol. XXX, No. 4 
rietal survey made by the Office of 
Cereal Investigations in cooperation 
with the former Bureau of Crop Esti¬ 
mates, it was estimated that 3,631,789 
acres were devoted to this variety in 
1919. In total acreage it is exceeded 
only by Silvermine and Red Rustproof. 
FULGHTJM 
History. —Fulghum originated as a 
selection from the Red Rustproof variety 
in southeastern Georgia about 20 
years ago, where it originally was 
grown entirely as a fall-sown variety. 
It has become of importance only as 
a spring-sown variety in recent years. 
A complete history of Fulghum has 
been recorded by Stanton (17). 
Description. —Early growth semi¬ 
spreading to erect; plant very early. 
Culms midsized, strong, usually gla¬ 
brous, 70 to 120 cm. tall. Sheaths 
deep green, glabrous; culm leaves 
midwide, margins ciliate. Peduncle 
midsized, straight, well exserted. Pani¬ 
cle equilateral, erect, small, midlong, 
narrow, ovate; rachis nodes 4 to 7; 
branches short, ascending, scabrous. 
Spikelets usually few, apex spikelets 
usually 3-flowered; kernels slender to 
midplump. Empty glumes 22 to 28 
mm. long, 6 to 8 mm. wide, usually 
8-veined, light green before maturity. 
Lower lemma reddish yellow (buff) 
17 to 21 mm. long, glabrous, basal scar 
prominent to obscure; basal hairs 
usually present, few, short to long; 
awn present or absent, straight (non- 
twisted), 15 to 30 mm. long. Upper 
lemma 12 to 16 mm. long, rarely 
awned, usually attached to the lower, 
on separation the midlong, glabrous 
upper rachilla segment usually remain¬ 
ing attached to the lemma. 
Fulghum is differentiated from the 
related Red Rustproof variety primarily 
by its more erect panicle, slightly less 
spreading habit in early growth, more 
slender and lighter-colored kernels with 
fewer awns and basal hairs. Many 
aberrant or so-called off-types occur 
in Fulghum. These vary from culti¬ 
vated forms which retain their white, 
gray, or black kernels to the typical 
“false wild” oat which sheds its seeds 
immediately on ripening. 
SWEDISH SELECT 
History. —The Swedish Select va¬ 
riety is of Swedish origin, as the 
name implies, and was introduced from 
Russia by M. A. Carleton in 1899. 
The best information at hand indicates 
that it was introduced into Finland 
from Sweden and then into the St. 
Petersburg Province of Russia. It is 
said to have originated as a selection 
from the Ligowa oat. 
Description. —Early growth erect; 
plant midseason. Culms midsized to 
large, strong, usually glabrous, 80 to 130 
mm. tall. Sheaths deep green, usually 
glabrous; culm leaves midwide, mar¬ 
gins usually glabrous. Peduncle mid¬ 
sized, straight, well exserted. Panicle 
equilateral, usually erect, midlong, 
midbroad, ovate; rachis nodes 5 to 
7; branches short to midlong, usually 
ascending, scabrous. Spikelets few 
to numerous; usually about 50 per 
cent 3-flowered; kernels very plump. 
Empty glumes 18 to 24 mm. long, 6 to 
8 mm. wide, 8 to 9 veined, deep green 
and slightly glaucous before maturity. 
Lower lemma white, 14 to 17 mm. 
long, glabrous, dorsal surface distinctly 
depressed above the awn; basal hairs 
usually absent; awn usually present, 
very dark at base, twisted and sub- 
geniculate to twisted and geniculate, 
15 to 35 mm. long. Upper lemma 
10 to 14 mm. long, awnless; rachilla 
segment short, glabrous. 
The outstanding characters of the 
Swedish Select variety are its short, 
plump kernels distinctly depressed 
dorsum. The awn is very dark at the 
base, and usually twisted and geniculate. 
There also is a high percentage of 3- 
kerneled spikelets. These characters 
usually serve to separate it clearly from 
the otherwise similar varieties, Silver- 
mine and Lincoln. 
FULGHUM-SWEDISH SELECT CROSS 
History. —This cross was made by 
the junior author in the greenhouse at 
the Arlington Experiment Farm, Ross- 
lyn, Va., in the spring of 1916, to 
which the hybrid number 1015 was 
assigned. The two Fi generation 
plants, designated as 1015al and 
1015a2, were grown under greenhouse 
conditions at the same farm, from 
which seed was available for sowing at 
the Aberdeen Substation, Aberdeen, 
Idaho, in the spring of 1918. A 
portion of the seed from a number of 
the resulting F 2 plants was turned 
over to the senior author for starting 
the studies reported herein. Panicles 
and spikelets of the two Fi plants are 
shown in Plate 2. 
Some brief notes were recorded on 
the appearance of the two Fi plants 
when they were approaching maturity. 
Both were more vigorous than either 
parent and in general appearance they 
resembled Fulghum more than Swedish 
Select in most characters. The two 
plants averaged 145 cm. in height, as 
compared with 110 cm. and 140 cm., 
respectively, for the Fulghum and 
Swedish Select parents. The reddish 
tinge of the culms, empty glumes, etc., 
so characteristic of the Fulghum and 
