Mar. 15, 1925 
Nematode Genera Syngamus and Cyathostoma 
565 
characters mentioned apply to S. 
laryngeus , and for the present it seems 
best to consider von Linstow’s species 
as doubtful. As the descriptions of 
S. laryngeus Raill. and S. nasicola Linst. 
appeared almost at the same time, and 
as von Linstow made no mention of 
Railliet’s species, it is probable that he 
was unaware of the existence of S. 
laryngeus Raill. Certainly the case 
appears to be that of the simultaneous 
publication of the same species under 
two specific names. 
CYATHOSTOMA E. BLANCH. 
Cyathostoma E. Blanch. 1849, Ann. Sci. Nat., 
Zool. (Ill) 11: 182. 
Generic characters. —Strongylidae, 
sexes not joined in permanent copula,; 
buccal capsules of both sexes large 
heavily walled, furnished at the base 
with six or seven teeth arranged about 
the center, the teeth of two distinct 
sizes. Excretory pore as in Syngamus. 
Esophagus as in Syngamus. Males 
with normal strongyliform bursa, rays 
slender and sometimes (dorsal ray) 
branched, spicules long (more than 
400 m) and filiform. Vulva of female 
variable in position, sometimes in 
anterior third, sometimes median or 
slightly postmedian; tip of female tail 
acute. Eggs moderate in size, opercu- 
lated after deposition. 
Habitat. —In respiratory tract of 
birds. 
Type species. — Cyathostoma lari E. 
Blanch. 
Seven species, apparently all valid, 
may be referred to the genus Cyathos¬ 
toma. At present, however, it is neces¬ 
sary to rely on certain unsatisfactory 
characters in order to form the key to 
species which appears below. 
1. Vulva at or near the anterior third of the 
body- 2 
Vulva near the middle of the body_ 3 
2. Eggs 90 m by CO spicules 600 n 
long; hosts Anseriform birds... bronchialis. 
Eggs 80 m by 55 /*; spicules 650 m 
long; host Casuarius galeatus _ boularti. 
Eggs 80 /x by 40 m; spicules ? long; 
hosts Ciconiform birds. variegatum. 
Eggs 56 n long; spicules 500 n long; 
host Tadorna tadorna _ tadornae. 
3. Male unknown; female small, up to 
13 mm. long; in orbital cavity of 
Larus ridibundus _ lari . 
Male known, female larger_ 4 
4. Spicules of male 460/x long, guber- 
naculum 67 n long; female up to 
30 mm. long; in thoracic air sac 
of Buteo borealis _ americanum 
Spicules of male 660 n to 720 n 
long, gubernaculum 92 n; female 
up to about 20 mm. long; in 
trachea of Coscoroba coscorob a... coscorobae. 
Cyathostoma bronchialis (Muehlig) 
(pi. 3, fig. 32 to 34.) 
Syngamus bronchialis Muehlig, 1884, Deut, 
Ztschr. Thiermea., 10: 265; Raill., 1898, 
Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. [Paris! (X) 5: 400. 
Cyathostoma bronchialis (Muehlig) Chapin, 
1925, present paper. 
Male from 4 to 5.8 mm. in length, 
260 m in diameter, slightly attenuate 
anteriorly. Esophagus about 350 m 
long. Caudal bursa entire; main trunk 
of the dorsal ray longer than the 
branches, which diverge sharply and 
are irregular in outline. Externo- 
dorsal and externo-lateral rays short, 
simple, subequal, each slightly reflexed 
at tip. Lateral rays arising from a 
common trunk, medio and postero¬ 
lateral rays separate, their tips approxi¬ 
mate. Ventral rays separate and 
equal, the rays about as long as the 
common trunk; spicules thin, 510 to 
620 u long; internal margin fimbriate; 
basal portion feebly dilated; apices in¬ 
curved and pointed. 
Female from 16 to 31 mm. long, 700 
to 900 fi in diameter. Buccal capsule 
325 m broad by 205 m deep. Esophagus 
very variable in length, according to 
age of worm, from one-thirteenth to 
one-thirtieth of the total length. 
Tail short, conical, sometimes curved. 
Anus 160-300 u before the extreme 
apex. Vulva slightly prominent, just 
in front of the anterior third. Eggs 
narrowly ovoid, 74 to 83 u long by 49 
to 62 ji wide, with an inconspicuous 
operculum at the narrow pole. 
Hosts .—Domestic geese, swan. 
Location .—Trachea and bronchi. 
Geographic distribution .—Europe and 
North America. 
There is a single female in the collec¬ 
tion from a swan, sent from Ithaca, 
N. Y., by W. A. Hagan, April, 1920. 
Although not in the best condition for 
study, it does not appear to be different 
from the above. 
Cyathostoma boularti (M6gnin) (pi. 
3, fig. 35 to 37). 
Sclerostoma boularti M6gnin, 1884, Jour. Anat. 
et Physiol., 20=457. 
Syngamus boularti (MSgnin) Raill., Compt. 
Rend. Soc. Biol. [Paris] (X) 5 : 402. 
Cyathostoma boularti (M6gnin) Chapin, 1925, 
present paper. 
Body soft, colored bright red by 
intervisceral fluid; intestine spiral, 
much longer than the body; head nar¬ 
rower than the neck. 
Male 7 mm. long, 450 m thick. 
Head narrow, 200 m in diameter; buccal 
opening terminal, 120 u in diameter. 
Body narrowly cylindrical, truncate 
19975—25t-6 
