644 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. XXX, No. 7 
In 1908 about 800 egg clusters came 
from Kief, Kishenef, and Simferopol, 
Russia; from those from the two places 
last named 470 individuals of Anas- 
tatus were recovered. A few egg 
clusters received from Charroux, 
France, showed no evidence of para¬ 
sitism. During that year many at¬ 
tempts were made to introduce the egg 
parasites from Japan. Fourteen separ¬ 
ate shipments were made, and although 
many dead Schedius and over 5,000 
living individuals of Anastatus were 
received, it was not until December, 
1908, that a single living Schedius was 
obtained. This individual was a male 
which died before a female was reared. 
In 1909 shipments of eggs continued 
in larger numbers than previously, 
egg masses being received from Japan, 
Russia, Hungary, and Rumania. 
Nearly 10 quarts of egg masses arrived 
from Hungary, and from some of these 
the majority of the Anastatus were 
obtained. Anastatus was recovered 
from the shipments of all the countries 
except Rumania. In 1909 a total of 
5,714 living individuals of Schedius 
were reared from the gipsy moth eggs 
which came from Japan. 
In 1910 egg clusters were received 
from Japan, France, Germany, and 
Russia, but in smaller numbers than 
during the previous year. Living 
Schedius and Anastatus were recovered 
in small numbers from the Japanese 
importations, and Anastatus was 
present in eggs from each of the Euro¬ 
pean countries from which eggs were 
received. 
DISTRIBUTION OF A. BIFASCIATUS 
AND S. KUVANAE IN JAPAN AND 
OF A. BIFASCIATUS IN EUROPE 
Schedius kuvanae and Anastatus 
bifasciatus have been reared at the 
gipsy moth laboratory from eggs of 
the gipsy moth which were collected 
in Japan from the towns of Akabane, 
Fukuoka, Funakimura, Nishigahara, 
and Tokyo. 
Anastatus bifasciatus has been re¬ 
covered from its host’s eggs received 
from the following places in Europe: 
Crimea, Schiriya, Kief, and Kishenef, 
Russia; Lippa (Temes), Huszt (Mara- 
moras), Dorgas (Temes), and Sis- 
tarobecz (Temes), Hungary; 3 Schlesien, 
Germany, and Nantes, France. 
In 1922 and 1923 the writer examined 
eggs of the gipsy moth in France, 
Spain, Italy, Sicily, Germany, and 
Hungary. Anastatus was found in 
small numbers in eggs at Hyeres, 
(Var), France, Madrid, Spain, Dahlem, 
Germany, and Caltagirone, Sicily. 
The examination of the eggs of the 
gipsy moth in the field and data ob¬ 
tained from examinations at the 
gipsy moth laboratory at Melrose 
Highlands, Mass., show that Anastatus 
is a widely distributed species, but that 
Schedius is present in Japan only. 
Both species in their native lands are 
locally distributed and many of the 
egg clusters, collected from different 
locations, have been received at Mel¬ 
rose Highlands which showed no 
evidence of parasitism. 
VALUE OF GIPSY-MOTH EGG PARA¬ 
SITES IN JAPAN AND EUROPE 
The data obtained from examination 
of large numbers of gipsy-moth eggs 
from Japan and Europe show that both 
parasites discussed in this article are 
of considerable value as enemies of the 
gipsy moth in their native countries. 
It would appear from the examina¬ 
tion of eggs received from Japan, most 
of which were sent by S. I. Kuwana, of 
the Imperial Agricultural Station at 
Tokyo, and from observations made 
by J. N. Summers, of the Bureau of 
Entomology, that Schedius kuvanae is 
more common in Japan than is Anas¬ 
tatus bifasciatus. The two species 
often were present in eggs collected 
in the same localities, but in no case 
was the percentage of parasitism by 
both species high under these condi¬ 
tions. A number of collections showed 
no parasitism. Other collections gave 
as high as 33.3 per cent parasitism by 
Schedius. The parasitism by Anas¬ 
tatus usually ran lower than that 
caused by Schedius, and no collections 
were received which showed more than 
2 or 3 per cent parasitism, although 
examination of individual egg clusters 
ran as high as 15 per cent. 
The parasitism of eggs of the gipsy 
moth in Europe is very variable. 
Many collections from Europe received 
at Melrose showed no parasitism. The 
parasitism of eggs collected from points 
where Anastatus was present ran from 
1 per cent to 25 per cent. The high¬ 
est percentage of parasitism was ob¬ 
tained from a large shipment of eggs 
from the southeastern part of Hungary 
(now in Rumania), in which some 
80,000 parasites were recovered. This 
is evidence of the value of Anastatus 
bifasciatus in parts of Europe during 
the season in which the eggs were col¬ 
lected. 
3 These towns were in Hungary before the World War. They are now a part of Rumania, except 
Huszt, which is in Poland. 1 
