1028 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. XXX, No. 11 
This was upon the assumption that the 
disease was localized. Now that it is 
recognized as essentially national in 
its distribution, urgent appeals are 
coming from the several commercial 
cabbage-growing interests for a corre¬ 
spondingly diversified range of types 
to meet their various local or regional 
needs. 
This publication is presented as a 
report of progress since the date of 
the last detailed article (4) in the 
writers’ efforts to meet these needs. In 
order to link the present publication 
with the former, it will be necessary to 
state briefly the place now held by the 
previously distributed resistant strains 
and to review their behavior under 
commercial conditions. 
PRESENT STATUS OF RESISTANT 
STRAINS PREVIOUSLY DISTRIB¬ 
UTED 
At the time of the last detailed pub¬ 
lication (4) there were two strains of 
the Ball Head or Hollander type of 
winter or storage cabbage. Of these 
the first was distributed as Wisconsin 
Hollander, but upon the subsequent 
development of an earlier selection was 
renamed Late Wisconsin Hollander in 
order to distinguish it from the other, 
which was named the Early Wiscon¬ 
sin Hollander. This earlier, shorter- 
stemmed strain was selected from the 
parent Wisconsin Hollander strain by 
W. J. Hansche, an expert cabbage 
grower and dealer of Racine. 
In addition to these two resistant 
strains of the winter or storage cabbage, 
two other resistant strains of cabbage 
of the mid-season or domestic type had 
been obtained. These were distributed 
under the names Wisconsin All Seasons 
and Wisconsin Brunswick. Efforts 
with these four strains during the past 
five years have been directed primarily 
toward the guidance of those interested 
or engaged in the commercial growing 
and distribution of seed. Trials on sick 
soil have been made annually, using 
either seed of these resistant strains 
from stocks grown by Wisconsin farm¬ 
ers or similar seed from stocks of the 
commercial seed trade which had been 
secured by increasing the Wisconsin 
resistant stock through growing it for 
one generation in one or another of the 
commercial seed-growing sections. 
During this period no noticeable 
deviation or loss in resistance in any of 
these strains has been found where the 
seed was grown successively from heads 
selected from sick soil. Nor has any 
appreciable reversion been noted where 
such seed is increased properly for a 
single generation in a yellows-free com¬ 
mercial seed region. The effect of re¬ 
peated multiplication in a disease-free 
area is not known, but it is to be ex¬ 
pected that it would in time lead to 
considerable loss in resistance through 
the reproduction of a small but prob¬ 
ably increasing percentage of suscepti¬ 
ble plants (5 ). 
Through the development of the four 
above-named varieties, the leading de¬ 
mands for resistant strains of late 
storage and medium late domestic cab¬ 
bage have been met. Through suc¬ 
ceeding years reselection of these varie¬ 
ties should continue by those inter¬ 
ested, and from them special strains 
adapted to various localities should 
result. As noted above, this has already 
occurred in the selection of the Early 
Wisconsin Hollander at Racine by 
Hansche; and independently of this 
work Bugner, of Chicago, has selected 
another resistant strain of Hollander 
which is now offered in trade channels. 
In the same way further selection and 
possible improvement by others should 
naturally proceed with these later va¬ 
rieties. The writers’ attention since 
1919 has been directed toward the de¬ 
velopment of resistant strains from 
earlier varieties of cabbage to meet the 
needs of kraut manufacturers and cab¬ 
bage growers in general. 
SELECTIONS FROM SECOND-EARLY 
VARIETIES 
Using the methods already described, 
the selection was started in 1919 from 
two standard second-early types—one 
a flat-head type, the other a round- 
head type. For the first the standard 
variety All Head Early was used as the 
original stock; and for the second, two 
very similar varieties, Glory of Enk- 
huizen and Copenhagen Market. The 
All Head Early is some two weeks 
earlier than All Seasons, is not as rank 
and leafy a plant as the latter, and pro¬ 
duces a somewhat flatter head. The 
Glory of Enkhuizen requires about the 
same length of season as Ail Head 
Early, has fewer outer leaves than All 
Seasons, and produces a prominent 
spherical head. The original Copen¬ 
hagen Market was of the same general 
type as GJory of Enkhuizen, but some¬ 
what earlier. There are now so many 
strains of the Copenhagen Market, 
however, that the two names are used 
more or less interchangeably. At 
least the strains of both varieties with 
which the writers have worked are so 
similar that it will probably not be 
advisable to carry them farther as dis¬ 
tinct varieties. None of these selec- 
