1108 
Journal of Agricultural Research 
Vol. XXXI, No. 12 
of roots is not exact, however, since roots were simply dug in the 
ordinary way with a spade and it was impossible to obtain the entire 
root. 
(5) The figures for survival in the transplant bed, both after the 
first year and at the end of the second year, are too irregular to 
indicate a clearly defined influence of the depth of cover on the sur¬ 
vival of transplants. 
(6) The transplants from the plots with shallow covers show a 
slightly better development than those from the more deeply covered 
plots. This is probably due to the earlier and more vigorous germina¬ 
tion in the shallow plots. 
The notes taken on the condition of the seedlings when removed 
from the seed bed are as follows: 
Western yellow pine at 34 inch: Seedlings dark green and thrifty, but apparently 
many seeds failed to germinate because either entirely or partly on the surface. 
Radicals of some appear to rise into the air leaving crown in the soil. Practically 
every germination for several weeks after July 10 was lost through damping-off and 
drought. 
At 54 inch: Fine, healthy appearance. 
At 34 inch: Good, thrifty appearance. 
At 54 inch: Fairly healthy appearance. Damping-off very active. 
At 54 inch: Seedlings pale green and inclined to be poor form. Damping-off 
bad. 
At 1 inch: Seedlings rather deformed, pale and unthrifty, tending to damp-off. 
Since practically all loss was due to damping-off, the lower survival 
rate in the deeper covers seems to indicate greater susceptibility to 
the attacks of damping-off fungi. The root systems oi the stock 
from the lesser depths were more bushy, although perhaps not so 
long, as those from the 54-inch and 54“inch plots. 
Germination and survival figures for the experiment conducted at 
Trapper Creek nursery in 1914 are shown in Table IY. 
Table IV .—Depth of cover germination and survival percentages , Trapper Creek , 1914 
Depth of cover 
Germination at successive observation 
dates, in percentages of total germina¬ 
tion 
Total germina¬ 
tion of seed 
sown 
Survival of 
seedlings ger¬ 
minated 
June 15 
July 1 
July 15 
July 22 
Oct. 1 
Per cent 
Per cent 
Per cent 
Per cent 
Per cent 
No. 
Per cent 
No. 
Per cent 
M inch-- 
12.3 
70.5 
15.3 
0.0 
1.9 
163 
27.2 
158 
96.9 
inch___ 
2.2 
72.5 
24.8 
0.0 
0.5 
177 
29.5 
154 
87.0 
Minch_ 
3.0 
86.2 
7.2 
1.8 
1.8 
166 
27.7 
157 
94.6 
% inch__ 
0.0 
81.7 
15.6 
0.7 
2.0 
148 
24.7 
135 
91.2 
The following points are brought out by Table IV: 
(1) Although the earliest germination occurred on the plots with 
shallower cover, the plots with deeper cover showed equal or greater 
total germination by July 1. 
(2) Greatest total germination was under the 54-inch cover, with 
the 34-inch and the 34-inchnext in order, and the 54-inch, the deepest, 
in the last place. 
(3) The least depth, 34 inch, showed the highest percentage of 
plants surviving at the end of the season, with 34 and 54 inch next 
in order, and 54 inch last. In percentage of seed sown, however, 
survival at 54 inch is very much better than at 54 inch. 
