2 
Vowels. 
O ^ 
ai 
O'* 
an 
Consonants. 
Sounds on 
ily found 
% 
Hindustani. 
£ 
h 
— 
0 
C 
kh 
d 
d 
dh 
•• 
«» 
J 
d 
dh 
• 
6 
a 
) 
r 
3 
V 
*3 
rk 
J 
z 
4 - 
* 
) 
zh 
s 
4 
o* 
sh 
O* 
§ 
u* 
z 
« 
Jb 
t 
£ 
z 
•« 
t 
( 
9 
di 
o 
f 
(i 
q 
k 
4* 
kh 
J 
g 
4 
tr* 
J 
1 
(• m 
cj n 
U when representing anunasiha in Deva 
Nagari, by on the preceding vowel 
j w (or rarely v) 
a h 
^ y 
Hamzah f (where necessary) * 
The J of the article J f in Arabic words should be assimilated 
before the solar letters ; and the vowel u which often precedes the article 
and absorbs its vowel should remain attached to the word to which it 
belongs. Thus—JUS| Iqbalu-d-daulah. 
Tanwln may be rendered by w-e. g., ittifaqan . Alif-i maqsurah should 
be rendered by q. 
Final' * need not be written in Persian and Hindustani words, 
but should be written in Arabic words. 
