SB .W. Irvine — The Later Mu gh ats. [No. 1, 
Baniyas oor Kayaths. It also comprised many Mahomedans from 
Kashmir, who seem to have rivalled the Hindus as secretaries and men 
of business. 
Nor, in speaking of the Indian-born party, must we forget the 
subdivision among them due to the repugnance, even to this day so 
strongly shown, of Western Hindustanis or Panjabis to men from 
Pastern Hindustan or Bengal. Crowds of men from Bengal had fol¬ 
lowed in Farrukhsivar’s train. Khushhal Cand, in an amusing outburst, 
declares that “ God created the Purbiyali (man from the East) with- 
u out shame, without faith, without kindness, without heart, malevolent, 
“ niggardly, beggarly, cruel ; ready to sell his children in the bazar 
“ on the smallest provocation; but to spend a penny, he thinks that a 
“ crime equal to matricide.” When they entered the imperial service, 
they required a signet-ring, but many tried to talk over the seal-cutters 
and get these for nothing. He admits that there were a few notable 
exceptions, but then as the saying is, “Neither is every woman a 
“ woman, nor every man, a man ; God has not made all five fingers the 
M same.” 1 
A cross-division, to which we must draw attention, as it is a most 
important one, was that into Emperor’s friends and Wazir’s friends. 
In the reign of Farrukhsiyar this was the most decisive of all distinc¬ 
tions. From almost the first day of the reign till the very last, we shall 
find the whole situation to turn upon it. A small number of private 
favourites, such as Mir Jumlah, Khan Dauran, and at a later stage, 
Ftiqad Khan (Mfyd. Murad), formed a centre to which the other great 
nobles, each in turn, rallied, only to retire in disgust after a short 
experience of Farrukhsiyar’s shiftiness and want of resolution. 
1 Khushbal Cand, 406. 
Nah har zan, zan ast, o nah liar mard , mard; 
JDiudd har jpanj angusht yaksan na hard. 
On the above incident someone composed the lines— 
Shahh?e ba diikdn-i‘Saja > kan-i-dast talu 
Miguft hih: “ Ae ! dalil na bud o nahi 1 
* Khan ’ handah ba-dah , muft, ba ism-am. Guftd : 
l Jdn* handan bih, haz in k&ijdlat ba-rahi.” 
A man at the shop of a needy motto-cutter,. 
Said; “ Here, neither argument nor denial, 
■"Cut Khan to my name for nothing.” He replied $ " / _ 
“To cut Jan is better, and give up such shabby tricks.” 
The play is upon “ Jan. kandan, ,i To engrave the word Jan, instead of 
gjian, also meaning “ to give up the ghost.” > 
