3$ W. Irvine -—The Later Mughals. [No. 1, 
Sa’dullah Khan, who was her Mir-i-Saman, or steward. As he was 
strongly opposed to Zu’lfiqar Khan, owing to the quarrel about tbe 
appointment of a successor to Mun’im Khan, Bahadur Shah’s wazir, and 
also hoped that a rival’s removal would increase his own, chance of 
becoming wazir he extracted the real letter and substituted one of an 
entirely contrary effect, or, as one version says, altered the words 
“ should not kill ” (na bay ad kusht ) into “ should kill ” {bay ad kusht). 
Padshah Begam reproached Farrukhslyar for having taken Zu,lfiqar 
Khan’s life. The Emperor pulled her letter out of his pocket and the 
substitution of the forged letter was thus discovered. Sa’dullah Khan 
w T as immediately arrested. This second story certainly appears the 
more probable of the two. 1 - 
Hidayat Kesh Khan’s crime was that he had denounced to Jahan- 
dar Shah the hiding-place of Muhammad Karim, the new Emperor’s 
brother, and thus indirectly led to that piunce’s life being taken. Some 
say that, in addition, he behaved in a harsh and insolent manner to 
him when he was made prisoner. No one knows what Sidi Qasim had 
done to deserve death, unless it be attributed to private revenge- As 
faujdar of some of the parganahs near Dihll he had executed the son of 
a tradesman named Udhu. This man, thirsting for the kotwaVs blood, 
levied a contribution of ten or twelve rupees on each shop in the quarters 
of Shahganj and Shahdarah. Having collected a very large sum, he paid 
it over to Mir Jumlah, and secured in exchange the arrest and execution 
of Sidi Qasim. 2 
The next cruelty was done on Sabha Cand, the Hindu confidant of 
the late Zu,lfiqar Khan. On the 11th Jaraadi II, 1125 H. (4th July 
1713), he was made over to Mir Jumlah. The next day it was inti¬ 
mated to the Emperor that Sabha Cand’s tongue had been cut out, as 
a punishment for the foul language that he had constantly used. The 
strange thing was that after this deprivation he was still able to talk 
and make himself understood. 3 
After Sabha Cand, came the turn of Shah Qudratullah of Allahabad. 
His father, Shekh ‘Abd-ul-Jalil, was a man of learning of the $ufi 
sect, who lived in Allahabad. On his death, Qudratullah succeeded 
to his influence and position, being himself a man of learning and 
considerable eloquence. Prince ‘Azim-ush-shan chanced to make Qudrat- 
1 TdriJch-i-Muzaffarty p. 155, Khushhal Cand 3976. There is a separate biography- 
in M-nl-TJ II., 504. Sa’dullah Khan was the second son of ‘Inlyatullah Khan. 
Kashmiri. It is said in the MaJchzanii’l-ghardib that he wrote under the name of 
Hidayat. (Ethe, Bodleian Catalogue, No. 395). 
* Khushhal Cand, 398a, Kamwar Khan, 134, Khafi KhSn II., 735. 
* Khafi Khan II., 735. 
