98 
M. Chakra varti —Eastern Gayga "kings of Orissa. 
[No. 2. 
were first noticed by Mr. Sewell in his “ List of Antiqua¬ 
rian Remains in the Madras Presidency, Yol. I ” ; but were 
published in full by Dr. Fleet in the Indian Antiquary, 
Yol. XYIII. They will be briefly referred to as “The 
Yizagapatam Copperplates.” 
(ii) By the copperplate inscriptions of the king NrsimhaDeva II, 
briefly, “The Kendupatna Copperplates.” One of them was 
edited by Babu Nagendra Nath Yasu in the Journal of the 
Asiatic Society of Bengal, Yol. LXY (1896), pp. 229-271 ; 
and another edited by him in his Bengali serial “ The Yi$- 
vak5sa, article Ga^geya.” 
(iii) By the numerous stone inscriptions at Mukhaliijgam, (Jri- 
kurmam, and in their neighbourhood. These have been 
briefly noticed in Dr. Hultzsch’s Epigraphical Report, 
Madras, for 1895-6, pp. 14-24, and will be referred to by its 
numbering. The frikurmam inscriptions were first men¬ 
tioned in Sewell’s List, Yol. I; and seeing their importance 
for Orissa history, I had most of them copied privately in 
1891-2. Later on, in 1897, through the kindness of Dr. 
Grierson I got a no. of date-extracts from Mr. H. Krishna 
Sastri. Recently Mr. Gait, our Anthropological Secretary, 
has kindly handed over to me for use a no. of date- 
extracts of the inscriptions at Mukhaliijgam and elsewhere. 
Many of these inscriptions are broken or incomplete or 
occasionally wrong ; but taken together they are invalu¬ 
able for the history of this dynasty. 
(iv) By several stone inscriptions in Orissa. 
(v) By references to Orissa and its kings in the inscriptions of 
other provinces. 
(vi) By references in the Mahomedan histories. 
(vii) By the Mddald Panji , where facts historically probable have 
been mentioned. 
I may briefly explain here the method adopted for calculating the 
reigns of the kings. Firstly, the (Jaka 
years, or the regnal years, if given with ti- 
this and weekdays (or Saqkrantis or eclip¬ 
ses), are verified, and their equivalents in the English calendar arrived 
at with the help of Professor H. Jacobi’s Tables in the Epigraphia In- 
dica, Yol. I, pp. 403-460. Nextly, from these verified dates, those which 
have regnal years are compared, and the initial years of the kings de¬ 
duced. As the first year of a king is the last year of his predecessor, 
this enables us to ascertain the beginning and the end of a king’s reign. 
The method of calcu¬ 
lation adopted. 
