119 
1903.] M. Chakravarti —Eastern Garjga kings of Orissa. 
copperplates, as aijka year [see supra , the remarks under Rajaraja III, 
p. 117]. 
He was son of 
Relationship, 
p. 321. 
Rajaraja III by bis Queen Sadguna or Maijkuna 
Devi of Galuhya race. He is styled “ Tri- 
kaliyga-natha ” in Catecvara inscription, 1. 12, 
He bad a Brabmin minister named Yisnu wbo fougbt for bim with 
“ Tummana-prthvi-pateh ” (Cat. ins., 11.14-5), 
Historical Facts. , v t _ . , 
and with the lavanas, ‘ Yavan-avan-tnau- 
samare ” (Do., 1. 15). Babu X. N. Yasu reads Tummana as Tumgbana, 
and identifies this with Tu gh ril-i-tu gh an Khan [J.A.S.B., XLV, 233-4; 
XLYII, p. 319]. The identification is open to objections. Firstly, 
the expression “ Tummcina-prtlivi-pateh ” means “ of the king of the 
Tummana land,” and therefore Tummana cannot be applied to any 
person. Secondly, the fight with Tughan Khan took place on 13th 
Shawwal, A.H. 642, or in March 1245 A.D., i.e., six or seven years after 
Anai]ga Bhima Deva had ceased to rule. 
In fact, Tummana land was in the Central Provinces, and has been 
repeatedly mentioned in the inscriptions of the Cedi kings [Ep. Ind., Yol. 
I, pp. 34, 35, 40, 41, 47]. These Cedi kings being rulers of the adjoining 
province, Daksinakosala, were from time to time at war with the kings 
of Orissa. One of them, Ratna Deva, is said to have defeated even 
CSragnqga. Their position is further indicated by the statement 
that the fight took place in the groves on the banks of the Bhima river 
at the foot of the Yindhya hills. They, too, apparently invaded Orissa, 
as fighting on the bank of the sea is also mentioned. 
The fight with the Yavanas, mentioned in verse 15, line 15, refers 
probably to some inroads of Ghiyas-ud-din ’Iwaz, the fourth Bengal 
ruler. Of him Tabakat-i-Nasiri says:— 
“ In short, Ghiyas-ud-din ’Iwaz, the Khalj, was a monarch worth}-, 
just, and benevolent. The parts around about the state of Lakhanawati, 
such as Jaj-nagar, the countries of Bang, Kamrud, and Tirhut, all sent 
tribute to him.” (pp. 587-8). 
Sultan Ghiyas-ud-din ’Iwaz was raised to the throne in about 608 
A.H.; and the sending of tribute by Jaj-nagar is mentioned before the 
invasion of Bengal by I-yal-timish in 622 A.H. The invasion of Jaj- 
nagar to gather tributes thus apparently fell between 608 and 622 A.H., 
or between A.D. 1211 and 1224. The Mahomedans make inroads very 
often when the ruler of the country had just ascended the throne, or the 
defences of the country had been neglected by some civil war. Anagga 
Bhima came to the throne in A.D. 1211-2, and the probability is that 
shortly after this time the Mahomedan inroad was made. This fixes 
