143 
1903.] M. Chakravarti —JEastern Garjga kings of Orissa. 
The Reasons for iden¬ 
tifying him with Nrsim- 
ha Deva II. 
of Utkala and Kaliqga, can therefore reasonably apply only to Nrsimha 
Deva I (paka 1160-1186),or to Nrsimha Deva II (Qaka 1200-1—1227-8). 
Both Dr. Bhandarkar and Mr. Trivedl identify the panegyrised 
king with Nrsimha Deva II, mainly on the 
following grounds :— 
Firstly, Ekavali refers to certain 
“ Hammira,” in Hammira-ksitipdla-cetasi 
(p. 176 ), viJcsya Hammuam (p. 177), Hammira-mdna-mardana (pp. 257, 
260). This Hammira whose pride is humbled is identified with the 
Cohana prince of Qakambharl (A.D. 1283-1301) [vide “ Report, ” pp. 
lxvii-viii; Introd., p. xxiii]. 
Secondly, in kdriJcd 11 (p. 19), the poet Harihara is said to have got 
amazing wealth from Arjuna (the king of Malwa). The latest known 
date of this Paramara prince is 9th September A.D. 1215, and Harihara 
thus “ flourished during the early decades of the 13th century ” [ “ Re¬ 
port, ” p. lxvi; Introd., p. xxi]. A sufficiently long time should be 
allowed to pass the news on from Malwa to Orissa, and the later the 
date the better. 
Thirdly, in the copperplate Inscriptions of Nrsimlia Deva IY, 
Nrsimha Deva II is described as kavi-priyah , and kavi-kumuda-candrah, 
epithets given him probably for patronising poets like Vidyadhara. A 
somewhat similar expression, I find, is applied to the Ekavali’s Nrsimha, 
Kavi-kula-kumnda-vyuha-naksatra-ndthah (p. 160). 
To these I would add one more ground, seemingly the strongest, 
deduced from the date of Mahima Bhatta, whom Vidyadhara criticises in 
p. 32, and apparently follows in pp., 173-177. Mahima Bhatta’s date is 
not yet ascertained, and his Alaqkara work vyakti-viveka is not yet 
published. But from certain passages in the Sahitya-darpana , he 
would seem to be not earlier than Candra^khara, who composed a 
stanza in praise of Bhanu Deva (presumably I). The passages in the 
Sahitya-darpana run as follows:— 
While criticising the opinion in the Vyakti-viveka that from infer¬ 
ence ( anumdna) one is capable of perceiving the suggested meanings of 
sentiments (Kdrika 270), V^vanatha goes on to say in the last part of 
his Vrtti — 
“ Regarding the verse beginning with 4 by his forts impassable &c, * 
the allegation of Mahima Bhatta that no second meaning exists in it,— 
that is verily an elephantine wink to deny what is established by (ac¬ 
tual) perception. ” 
This verse is of Chandra 9 ekliara, father of Vi^anatha, and is quo¬ 
ted in the latter’s Vrtti to kdrikas 25, and 257, with the following 
comments .— 
