144 
M. Chakravarti —Eastern Garjga kings of Orissa. [No. 2, 
“ By liis forts impassable in battle, excelling Cupid by bis splendour, 
waited upon by prosperous kings, venerable, surrounded on all sides 
by nobles, not (even) looking at tbe Ksattriya chiefs (so high be is), 
witb deep devotion to him whose father-in-law is the Mountain (piva), 
holding the earth in possession, with a form adorned with dignity, shines 
(the king) the beloved of Uma. ” [The other meaning is in connection 
with fiva]. 
Comments on this in the Vftti to Kar. 25 :— 
“In this case (the words) “the beloved of Uma” being applied by 
denotation to the queen named Uma and her beloved the king Bhanu- 
deva, are to be understood as applicable bv suggestion to the beloved of 
Gauri (Qiva) ” 
Again in the Vrtti to Kar . 257 :— 
“ Here in this case, lest the description of the king Blianudeva the 
beloved of the queen named Uma, may not (apparently) be connected 
with the description of (Qiva) the beloved of Parvati, as indicated in the 
second meaning, what is hinted at is that -Bhanudeva and Ii^vara stand 
to each other as the compared (upamana) with what it is compared to 
(upameya ). Hence here (this) Uma-beloved (Blianudeva) is like (that) 
Uma-beloved (Qiva), that is, the suggested sense is a figure of speech— 
the figure of speech of simile.” 
According to Yi^vanatha, therefore, the above stanza of his father 
was made in praise of the king Bhanu Deva (presumably I), and there¬ 
fore Mahima Bhatta who criticised the same cannot be put earlier. As 
Yidyadhara refers to Mahima Bhatta he cannot be earlier than this 
Bhanu Deva, and the Nrsimha Deva he eulogises was presumably 
Bhanu Deva’s son Nrsimha Deva II. 
These arguments are, however, open to several objections which 
may be mentioned here seratim. 
The strongest objection is that in the 
Ekavali the king Nrsimha Deva is described to have fought with the 
Mahomedans, and to have fought in Bengal on the banks of the Ganges. 
The battles with the Mahomedans are indicated in the examples having 
the words,— Yavan-avani-vallabTia [p. 202], Cak-adhigvara [p. 326] and 
Hammtra. The title Hammlra should preferably be taken as that of the 
Mahomedans, having been in coins and inscriptions specially applied to 
the early Mahomedan rulers of India and Ghazni [see references, supra 
p. 124, and Cat., Ind. Mus. Coins, Parti, pp. 2-36]. This title had begun 
to be used before A.D. 1187 [Ind. Ant. Yol. xv, p. ii] and continued to 
be used by the Sultans of Delhi till the time of Balban [A.D. 1265- 
1287]. Then again, the fight with the Bengalis, Barjga-sarjgara-slmani 
[p. 203], and the reference to the waves of the Ganges, Gaygfx-tarayga- 
Objections. 
