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Description. —Short, thick, coarse, yellowish brown hair, the lower parts 
paler. Old males are almost black on the face and limbs with a short stiff 
mane on the ridge of the neck and withers. Knees calloust The horns almost 
touch at the base, are sub-parjdlel for some distance, then curve sharply back¬ 
wards and outwards ; two teats. In very old males the lumbar tract is almost 
white—the saddle black. 
In habits and haunts it resembles the Tahr, though it dwells in a more 
tropical climate. It keeps above the forest and rarely enters woods, preferring 
grassy slopes and precipitous crags, feeding morning and evening and resting 
during, the day. They are found in herds of from 5 to 50, are very nimble, 
quick sighted and wary, and old female usually acting as sentinel : the males 
have a pronounced caprine odour and their flesh is rank, but that of the does 
and young males is excellent. 
Measurements. -Old males from 39 to 42 ins. at shoulder ; 50 ins. from 
nose to tail ; tail, 3 ins. ; male horns from 12 to 16 ins. round the curve* 
female horns, 8 or 9 ins. 
Record Heads .—The best head of which there is any authentic record was 
got in the Nilgiris some years ago and measured 17| ins. In his notes on 
Jerdon s “Mammals” McMaster gives 17 ins. by 9f ins. and 15f ins. by 9 ins., 
as the two best heads he had seen; these were shot near Ootacamund by 
