150 S. C. Vidyabhusana— Vratyci and Samlcara Theories of Caste. [No. 2, 
“ The Brahmana must study, teach, offer sacrifice, act as a priest, 
and give and accept gifts. The Ksatriya should study, offer sacrifice, 
give gifts, and govern and protect people. The Vai 9 ya should study, 
offer sacrifice, give gifts and should cultivate lands, conduct trade, tend 
cattle and may adopt the profession of usury. The fudra should only 
serve the aforementioned three castes.” 
According to the Rigveda * these castes sprang from Brahma the 
Supreme Being, in the following way :— 
“ The Brahmana was his mouth, the arms were made Ksatriya, his 
thighs were what is called Yai^ya, and the (Judra sprang from his legs.” 
. Seven Dvip as. 
These four castes existed in six out of the seven dvipas that were 
known to the ancient Hindus. In the Visnupurana f we read :— 
i TTfraaiT 
ii ( aian*:) n 
«" ' , ^ ' * * ' ’ ^1 f ; ^ ■ • r . ' 
* sn^prts^j 
W n ( \* 11® i v*. ) n 
t sre-ffa: i 
Vi 
Ijut nai 33*0^ htjw i 
arafwn: il (ftwfrra ^ i ^ 11) n 
1 
anaj^i: ftPisn ^ i 
n (faapTTO R i ^ 1 V s ) n 
sn^pim wjt n (faan^wi ^ 1 s m)i 
fH-ffo! | 
• *fw gfum: I I 
