1902.] S. C. Vidyabhusana —Vrtitya and SamJcara Theories of Caste. 157 
remnants of the most ancient Brahmans* that chanted the hymns of the 
Vedas and Upanisads in the land of Ary as in the North-West. The 
designation Maga (wise) acquired by them from Persian or other 
foreign rulers does not in any way detract the sanctity of these noble 
Brahmans of old. 
In the Puranas paka-dvipi Brahmans have been described as wor¬ 
shippers of the Sun. There is nothing strange in this description. All 
true Brahmans are worshippers of the Sun. I give here a translation of 
the Vedic hymn called Gdyatri ,f which is obligatory on all best Brah¬ 
mans of India to recite every day. It runs thus 
“ I adore that excellent lustre of the Sun-god that sends us in¬ 
telligence.” 
Graha-vipra. 
On the authority of the Brahmayamala { (chap, xiv) some 
* Referring to the region comprising Sogdiana and Bactriana, Heeren (Asiatic 
Nations, 2nd edition, Vol. I, p. 424) writes:— 
“ It stood on the borders of the gold country, ‘in the road of the confluence of 
nations,’ according to an expression of the zend-avesta; and the conjecture that in 
this part of the world the human race made its first advance in civilization, seems 
highly probable.” 
t ’jam ■ylwfv i 
fyht vt srate^Tcj; # ii (mm ) n 
t ^ mnfir- wrerfth ^ I 
5?Tfh% thl I 
II 
irisnt: femqfhici: i 
atvrrh fhfvfhaT * 113 % ii 
smffpit that 3^1% fhfwrcm: i 
hbl%TiT ^ fh2T% II 
hh: <3VT«ITVt JtVtVj I 
EfiftlW arprfhv: II 
( St^TVWsT, TTS5T ) II 
