164 S. 0* Vidyabhusana —Vratija and Satnkara Theories of Caste. [No. 2, 
■ PaundraTca .—The ancient people of Pundra-bardhana correspond-' 
ing to modern Dinajpur and Maldah in Northern Bengal. The worst 
specimens of the Paundrakas still live in Northern Bengal under the 
» • «$ ? » * » 
name of Piido. 
Aucjra .—The people of Orissa. 
Kamboja .—The Kambojas were the people that inhabited the Hindu 
Kush mountain, which separates the Giljit valley from Balkh. 
Yavana .—Probably the Bactrian Greeks. The Yavanas are men¬ 
tioned in the Mahabharata (Sabhaparva, Chap. 32) and Visnupurana, 
etc. 
CaJca .—The people of Sakai bounded on the west by Sogdiana, on 
the north and east by Skytliia, and on the south by Imaos (Boloor 
chain). According to Ptolemy* the country of Sakai was inhabited by 
nomads. They had no towns, but dwelt in woods and caves. The 
principal tribes living in Sakai were (1) Karatai, (2) Komaroi, (3) Ko- 
medai, (4) Massagetai, (5) Grynaioi Skythai, (6) Toornai, (7) Byltai, 
etc. . 
Parada .—Paradas were probably the people of Paradene in Ged- 
rosia (Baluchistan). 
Pahlava .—Probably the people of Parthia. They are mentioned in 
the Mahabharata (Sabhaparva, Chap. 32). In the Visnu-puranaf they 
are described as a Vratya Ksatriya race conquered by Sagara and sent¬ 
enced by him to wear beards. The Yallabhi gowalas of the present 
day may perhaps be traced to the pastoral tribes of the Pahlavas. 
1 Chia .—The people of China. - • 
Kirata. —The Kiratas are a flat-faced people (decisively Mongolian 
in appearance) that are very numerous in Sikkim, east Nepal, Darjeel¬ 
ing, etc. According to Ptolemy Kirrhadia or the residence of the 
Kiratas lay in the eas-fe-north-east frontier of India notably in modern 
'Tipperah. But in reality Kirrhadia included Sylhet, Assam, Kooch 
Behar and Rungpore too. McCrindleJ observes :— 
“ Although the Kirata, long before the time in which he. (Ptolemy) 
lived, had wandered from their northern fatherland to the Himalaya 
and thence spread themselves to the regions on the Brahmaputra, still 
it is not to be believed that they should have possessed themselves of ter¬ 
ritory so far south as Caturgrama (Chittagong), and a part of Arakan. 
We can therefore be scarcely mistaken if we consider the inhabitants 
of this territory at that time as a people belonging to further India, and 
# McCrindle’s Ptolemy, pp. 283-84. 
+ Wilson’s Visnapurana, p. 375. , 
X McCrindle’s Ptolemy, p. 193, 
